Chemical Equilibrium

Question 1

Explain the common ion effect

Answer 1

This is when a rx has reached equilibrium, and an outside source adds more of one of the ions that is already in solution. The result is to cause the reverse rx to occur at a faster rate and re-establish the equilibrium.
- the common ion is the one already present in an equilibrium before the substance is added.

Question 2

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 2

States that entropy of the universe increases for any spontaneous rx. This means that if the entropy decreases, then the entropy of the sorroundings must increase at a greater extent so that the overral change in the universe is positive