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pharmacology > lipoprotein metabolism > Flashcards

lipoprotein metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

fatty acids

A

hydrophobic long carbon chains - saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsatuarted, cholesterol, triglycerides = esters w fatty acids

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2
Q

cholesterol balance

A

intestinal absorption of dietary. and biliary cholesterol and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver and intestine

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

cholesterol function

A

most vital lipid, required for fluidity of membrane, affects receptors GPCR, adrenergic, required to make hormones, obtained from diet and synthesized de novo from acetyl-coa
can lead to atherosclerosis, low density. lipoprotein

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5
Q

lipids in the blood

A

fatty. acid - bound to albumin
cholesterol triglycerides and phospholipids - transported by lipoproteins

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6
Q

LDL lipids

A

transport cholesterol
binds to LDL receptors and LDL particle taken up to cell, endocytose, taken to lysozome, C123, mutations –> too much cholesterol and disease niemann pick
transported to mitochondria to make more things like steroids

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7
Q

SREBP

A

activates when there is low cholesterol by driving transcription of cholesterol or making more LDL receptors
SREBP and SCAP

usually stay in ER but if levels fall –> golgi wher eenzymes help cleave protein
hmgcoa reductase can synthesize cholesterol

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8
Q

anatomy of lipoprotein

A

layer of phospholipid, cholesterol in membrane, some charge inside, insoluable material inside and proteins that do a lot of things like binding to LDL receptors (e.g. apo B)

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9
Q

apolipoproteins

A

structural determinants of lipoproteins, enzyme foacts, ligands for bidning to lipoprotein receptors
LDL has apoB100 (recognized by LDLr)
they only have this protein

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10
Q

chylomicrons

A

cholesterol packaged / lipoprotein

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11
Q

VLDL

A

important lipoprotein

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12
Q

lipoprotein trnasport

A

cholesterol comes in - transport lipids thru capillaries - tryglyceride turns into glyceorl and fatty acids for energy - VLDL particles from liver ! –> LDL particles w apoB100 protein, HDL particles pick up cholesterol from different tissues

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13
Q

apob48

A

microsomal triglycide transfer protein - adds tricglyceride and then goes to blood

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14
Q

apob100

A

made in liver, generated in rough er, vldl particles, then blood

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15
Q

HDL and apoc2 interact

A

coenzyme, cofactor

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16
Q

triglyceride degrading enzymes

A

LPL (lipoprotein lipase)
triglyceride into fatty acids see before slide

17
Q

cholesterol can decrease transcription of

A

LDL proteins

18
Q

coronary atherosclerosis

A

blockage or coronary blood vessels
left coronary artery - LAD, LCx
right coronary artery -
bloackage of epicardial coronary vessels in excess of 60% –> ischemia

19
Q

atherosclerosis

A

build up of plaque in walls of arteries – can lead to MI/heart attack where heart muscle dies
LDL is a major risk factor

20
Q

stress test

A

treadmill test to see how well heart handles workload
stressing agent

contraindications -

21
Q

angina pectoris

A

partial blockage of blood vessel

22
Q

free radical formation

A

in heart disease free radicals are released in artery linbing and oxidize LDL (low density lipoproteins)

23
Q

dyslipidemias e.g. atherosclerosis

A

native LDL particles, undergo into subendothelial space, free radicals oxidize them, monocytes take them and form foam cells that just burst

24
Q

role of macrophage inflammation of the artery

A

stuff from before, release protease –> inflammation
statins have anti inflam properties

25
Q

pharmacologic approaches to lower LDL cholesterol

A

statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which turns HMG into cholesterol

ezetimibe inhibit NPC1L1 transporter so that intstine cant take up cholesterol

PCKSK0 inhibitors

26
Q

cholesterol lowering agents

A

statins
something attach to ras (PI3K?)

27
Q

bisphosphonates

A

prevent osteoporosis

28
Q

genetic disorders

A

familal hypercholesterolemia

29
Q

PCSK9 is a serine protein that binds to

A

LDLR, inducing LDLR degradation

30
Q

praluent/alirocumab

A

decrease cardaic events by 50%

31
Q

blood lipid levels

A

high density lipoprotein should be high, ldl cholesterol should be low, triglyceride levels low

32
Q

statin intolerant patients

A

rhabdomyolysis!
muscle necrosis, weakness, diabetes, electrolyte disturbace, acute renal failure, myalgia and pigmenturia, cognitive side effects

33
Q

ezetimibe (zetia)

A

reduce uptake of cholesterol

34
Q

combining zetia and vytorin is better?

A

no, effects minimal

35
Q

new drugs beyond statins?

A

CETP
torcertrapib - lipophilic

36
Q

obicetrapib - CETP inhibitor

A

undergoing clinical trials

pharmacology (10 decks)

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