hypertension

Question 1

hypertension levels

Answer 1

prehypertensive 120-129 or 80-89
moderate 140-159 or 90-99
severe >160/90 or >100

Question 2

secondary causes

Answer 2

chronic renal disease - decrease sodium ecretion
renal artery stenosis - atherosclerotic plaques can decrease blood flow
endocrine disease - excess aldosterone, pheochromocytoma (excess catecholamines)

Question 3

hypertension is called the silent killer bc

Answer 3

relative risk to a patient w a DBP of 00 mmHg compared to 84 mmHg for
stroke x4
MI x2

Question 4

control of BP

Answer 4

cardiac output (stroke volume x heart rate) and peripheral vascular resistance

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic factors (ANFs) are diagnostic of

Answer 5

CHF due to vasodilation, inhbiting renin release (decreased RAAS), increased GFR and nartiuresis

Question 6

pump based hypertension

Answer 6

sympathetic hyperactivity or thyroid hormone

Question 7

peripheral resistance regulated by

Answer 7

renin pathway
angiotension ii is a vasoconstrictor

Answer 8

PLC –> calcium binds to calmodulin activates MLCK –> MLC –> contraction

Question 9

orthostatic hypotension occurs whwen

Answer 9

baroflexes fail

Question 10

sympathetic vs parasympathetic on heart

Question 11

renin-angiotension-aldosterone system

Answer 11

the RAAS pivotal in BP control,
maintenance of sodium balance, control of blood volume, bp

stimulated by fall in BP,

Question 12

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 12

sense pressure

Question 13

renin release is controlled by

Answer 13

pressure sensing of arteriole, SNS stim of beta 1, tubuloglomerular feedbak-chloride regulates renin release

Question 14

neprilysin

Answer 14

enzyme breaks down atrial natriutic peptide (ANP) so inhibit for

Question 15

ACE inhibitors

Answer 15

block enzyme that angio I –> angio II , promotes aldosterone and decrease retention of sodium

Question 16

diuertic drugs

Answer 16

promote loss of sodium to decrease blood volume and reg Bp