Lipids, Proteins, Water

Question 1

Chemical Formula for Water

Answer 1

H2O

Question 2

Components of Water

Answer 2

1 Hydrogen molecule and 2 Oxygen molecule

Question 3

Why is water cohesion?

Answer 3

the positive and negative charges of the hydrogen and oxygen atoms that make up water molecules make them attracted to each other.

Question 4

What is a polar molecule?

Answer 4

One side is positively charged and the other side is negatively charged

Question 5

What is surface tension?

Answer 5

Property of liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of water molecules

Question 6

What is adhesion?

Answer 6

When water is attracted to other substances

Question 7

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 7

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree Celsius

Question 8

What is the heat of vaporization?

Answer 8

The amount of heat the liquid must absorb for 1 gram of the substance to be converted from liquid to gas

Question 9

What is the bond of the water molecule?

Answer 9

Hydrogen Bond

Question 10

What is the biological significance of the fact that water is a solvent?

Answer 10

• water can act as a medium for chemical reactions

- water can transport dissolved substances into and out of cells

Question 11

Define the term macromolecule

Answer 11

macromolecules are complex molecules with a relatively large molecular mass. polymers are a group of macromolecules

Question 12

State the 3 categories of lipids

Answer 12

Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 13

State the components of a triglyceride

Answer 13

3 fatty acid tails and a glycerol head

Question 14

State the elements present in lipids (and the additional elements needed to make phospholipids)

Answer 14

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,

phosphor

Question 15

What is saturated fat?

Answer 15

a fat with no double bonds between carbons. It has a straight chain

Question 16

State the property that each end of the phospholipid has

Answer 16

the phosphate group is charged and is hydrophilic - attracts water molecules
Fatty acid tails are non-polar and hydrophobic

Question 17

What are the building blocks of lipids?

Answer 17

Glycerol and triglyceride

Question 18

State the difference between the triglycerides found in non-fish animals and those in plants

Answer 18

Plants have unsaturated triglycerides and animals have saturated triglycerides.

Question 19

What is a fat’s function?

Answer 19

• Compact energy source
• Cushions vital organs
• provides insulation

Question 20

What are lipids used for?

Answer 20

energy storage

Question 21

What are proteins?

Answer 21

Polymers made of Amino Acids

Question 22

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

Functions of proteins

Answer 23

• Build cells
• Act as hormones and enzymes
• Do much of the work in a cell

Question 24

How are amino acids link together?

Answer 24

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 25

How are amino acids held together?

Answer 25

Peptide bonds

Question 26

Where do substrates attach to an enzyme?

Answer 26

Active Site

Question 27

can enzymes be reused?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

name of protein chains

Answer 28

Polypeptides

Question 29

How are secondary structure proteins formed?

Answer 29

When the protein coil or fold into plated sheets or helixes

Question 30

Where is hemoglobin found?

Answer 30

Red blood cells

Question 31

What denatures a protein?

Answer 31

High temperature and changes of pH value

Question 32

Protein which controls blood sugar level

Answer 32

Insulin

Question 33

Dipeptide

Answer 33

2 amino acids connected with a peptide bond

Question 34

Globural Protein

Answer 34

A protein which has its polypeptide chain folded so it gives the rounded shape

Question 35

Glycoprotein

Answer 35

Protein-Sugar molecule

Question 36

Helix

Answer 36

Spiral with constant diameter and pitch

Question 37

Alpha Helix

Answer 37

the coiled structural arrangement of many proteins consisting of a single chain of amino acids stabilized by hydrogen bonds the coiled structural arrangement of many proteins consisting of a single chain of amino acids stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Question 38

Beta sheets

Answer 38

the second form of regular secondary structure in proteins, less common than the alpha helix; formed by hydrogen bonds between protein strands, rather than within a strand; polypeptide connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet

Question 39

what four things are bonded to the central carbon of every amino acid?

Answer 39

Amino group- NH2, Carboxyl group- COOH, Hydrogen group- H, and Side group- R

Question 40

How do many proteins act?

Answer 40

as enzymes or biological catalysts.