Biological Molecules Flashcards
What elements are found within Carbohydrates?
Carbon. Hydrogen and Oxygen
What is a single unit of sugar called?
Monosaccharides
Name the three main Monosaccharide
Glucose, Galactose and Fructose
What reaction occurs when two monosaccharides join together?
Condensation Reaction
What is formed when two Monosaccharides join together?
Disaccharide
Name three Polysaccharides
Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen
Are polysaccharides soluble in water?
No
What is Starch mainly made of?
Amylose and Amylopectin
What are monosaccharides?
the simplest sugars that have the same number of carbon as oxygen atoms. They are the monomers of carbohydrates.
what type of bond is formed between two monosaccharides in a condensation reaction?
glycosidic bond
what is lost in a condensation reaction?
Water
what is the main storage polysaccharide in plants?
Starch
which two monosaccharides make lactose?
Glucose and Galactose
What is a polysaccharide
very large chain of linked monosaccharide units;
polymer consisting entirely of D-glucose units
What is a monomer?
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
What are nucleotides?
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
What is the fundamental unit of starch?
D-glucose
What is glycolysis?
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid or lactic acid for ATP production
What hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
Insulin
What is glycogenesis?
Process of glucose converting into glycogen
