Lipids Exam Based Questions Flashcards by kele martin

1.) The nitrogenous base present in lecithin is :

A) Ethanolamine
B) Inositol
C)Serine
D) Choline

D) Choline

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2.) The number of double bonds present in arachidonic acid is:

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

D) 4

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3.) Which of the following is an an amphipathic lipid?

A) Phospholipid
B) Fatty acid
C) Bile salts
D) All three

A) Phospholipid

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4) what is the name of the test employed to check the adulteration of butter:

A) Iodine number
B) Saponification number
C) Zak’s method
D) Reichert-Melissa number

A) Iodine number

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5.) All of the following alcohol are present in phospholipids except:

A) Sphingosine
B) Inositol
C) Mannitol
D) Glycerol

C) Mannitol

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6.) Which of the following is not a phospholipid?

A) Plasmalogen
B) Lecithin
C) Sphingomyelin
D) Ganglioside

D) Ganglioside

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7.) Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

A) Oleic acid
B) Arachidic acid
C) Linoleic acid
D) Palmitic acid

A) Oleic acid

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8.) Sphingomyelin contains which of the following components?

A) Glycerol, phosphoric acid, 2 fatty acids and choline
B) Sphingosine, phosphoric acid, 1 fatty acid and choline
C) Sphingosine, phosphoric acid and 2 fatty acid
D) Glycerol, phosphoric acid and 2 fatty acids

B) Sphingosine, phosphoric acid, 1 fatty acid and choline

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9.) Which plasma lipoprotein which is the least dense?

A) VLDL
B) LDL
C) HDL
D) Chylomicron

A) VLDL

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10.) The plasma lipoprotein which moves fastest towards the anode during electrophoresis is:

A) VLDL
B) LDL
C) HDL
D) Chylomicron

C) HDL

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11.) The polysaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are richly present in:

A) sunflower oil
B) Butter
C) Ghee
D) Coconut oil

A) Sunflower oil

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12.) The deficiency of which phospholipid causes respiratory distress syndrome:

A) Cardiolipin
B) Phosphatidic acid
C) Dipalmitoyl lecithin
D) Cephalins

C) Dipalmitoyl lecithin

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13.) Triglycerides have:

A) One saturated and two unsaturated fatty acids
B) Glycerol and three unsaturated fatty acid
C) Three saturated fatty acid and glycerol as the backbone
D) Two saturated and one unsaturated fatty acid

D) Two saturated and one unsaturated fatty acid

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14.) Phospholipids consist of :

A) Glycerol and fatty Esther’s
B) Alcohol, cholesterol and phosphoric acid
C) Alcohol, phosphoric acid, fatty acids and a nitrogenous base
D) Alcohol, fatty acids no a nitrogenous base

C) Alcohol, phosphoric acid, fatty acids and a nitrogenous base

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15.) All of the following are true about lecithin except:

A) It has both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
B) Dipalmitol lecithin is a lung surfactant
C) Presence of Dipalmitoyl lecithin in premature infants may produce respiratory distress syndrome
D) Present in brain and nervous tissue

C) Presence of Dipalmitoyl lecithin in premature infants may produce respiratory distress syndrome

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16.) Phosphatidyl inositol:

A) Is absent in the cell membrane
B) Consists of glycerol and phosphatidic acid
C) Has antigenic properties
D) Acts as a second messenger for hormonal action

D) Acts as a second messenger for hormonal action

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17.) All of the following are examples of compound lipids except:

A) Glycolipids
B) Plasmalogen
C) Cholesterol
D) Lipoprotein

C) Cholesterol

18.) The structure shown below is:
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-COOH

A) Arachidonic acid
B) Linolenic acid
C) Linoelic acid
D) Oleic acid

B) Linolenic acid

19.) Concerning lipoproteins one of the following statements is false:

A) LDL cholesterol transports cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver
B) It consists of triglyceride and cholesterol esters, proteins, phospholipids and free cholesterol
C) Chylomicron transports dietary triglyceride and cholesterol esters from the intestine to peripheral tissues and the liver
D) Separates into four different types on the basis of their density

A) LDL cholesterol transports cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver

20.) One of the following is the nonessential fatty acid:

A) Arachidonic acid
B) Linolenic acid
C) Plalmitic acid
D) Linoelic acid

C) Plalmitic acid

21.) The enzyme responsible for prostaglandin synthesis is:

A) 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase
B) Cyclooxygenase
C) Oxido-reductase
D) Adenylcyclase

B) Cyclooxygenase

22.) What physical property allows lipids to form membranes:

A) Inherent flexibility
B) They are amphiphatic and have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
C) Tight binding to proteins
D) High degree of reactivity

D) High degree of reactivity

23.) All of the following are esterified with membrane phospholipids except:

A) Serine
B) Inositol
C) Ethanolamine
D) Ribose

D) Ribose

24.) According to the chemical and biological classifications of fatty acids, we can classify palmitic acid as:

A) Monounsaturated and essential
B) Monounsaturated and nonessential
C) Polyunsaturated and nonessential
D) Saturated and essential

C) Polyunsaturated and nonessential

25.) Different compounds included in this classificatory group of lipids, can act as pulmonary surfactant, component of membranes and precursors of second messengers. This is the group of: ``` A) Steroids B) Sphingolipids C) Triacylglycerols D) Fatty acids E) Phosphoglycerides ```

B) Sphingolipids

26.) A premature baby, shorty after birth, presents with rapid breathing, intercostal retractions, and grunting sounds while breathing. A blood gas analysis reveals low oxygen and acidosis. A diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome is quickly made. This syndrome is seen in newborns with immature lungs whose pneumocytes do not synthesize enough: A) Phosphatidyl inositol B) Phosphatidyl choline C) Sphingosine D) Sphingomyelin

B) Phosphatidyl choline

27.) Polymers of polysaccharides, fats an proteins are all synthesized from monomers by: A) Connecting monosaccharides together B) The addition of water to each monomer C) The formation of disulfide bridges between monomers D) Condensation or dehydration reaction

D) Condensation or dehydration reaction

28.) Which one of the following statements concerning fatty acid molecules is correct? A) They consist of a carboxylic acid head group attached to a carbohydrate chain. B) They are called polyunsaturated when they contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. C) Their melting points increase with increasing unsaturation. D) They almost always have their double bonds in the cis configuration when they occur naturally. E) They occur in the body mainly in the form of free (nonesterified ) fatty acids.

D) They almost always have their double bonds in the cis configuration when they occur naturally.

29.) Which of the following is not a phospholipid? ``` A) Sphingomyelin B) Plasmalogen C) Cardiolipin D) Galactosylceramide E) Lysolecithin ```

D) Galactosylceramide

30.) Which one of the following statements about gangliosides is incorrect? A) They are derived from galactosylceramide B) They contain one or more molecules of sialic acid C) They are present in nervous tissue in high concentrations D) The ganglioside GM1 is the receptor for cholera toxin in the human intestine E) The function in cell-cell recognition

A) They are derived from galactosylceramide

31.) The sub cellular site of the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids to acetyl-CoA via beta oxidation is: ``` A) The cytosol B) The matrix of the mitochondria C) The endoplasmic reticulum D) The mitochondrial intermembrane space E) The Golgi apparatus ```

B) The matrix of the mitochondria

32.) α-Linolenic acid is considered to be nutritionally essential in humans because : A. It is an ω3 fatty acid B. It contains three double bonds. C. In humans, double bonds cannot be introduced into fatty acids beyond the Δ9 position. D. In humans, double bonds cannot be introduced into fatty acids beyond the Δ12 position. E. Human tissues are unable to introduce a double bond in the Δ9 position of fatty acids.

C.) In humans, double bonds cannot be introduced into fatty acids beyond the Δ9 position.

33.) Which one of the following is the major product of fatty acid synthase? ``` A) Acetyl- CoA B) Oleate C) Palmitoyl- CoA D) Acetoacetate E) Palmitate ```

E) Palmitate

34.) Tay-Sachs disease is a lipid storage disease caused by a genetic defect in which one of the following enzymes: ``` A) Beta- Galctosidase B) Sphingomyelinase C) Ceramidase D) Hexosaminidase A E) Beta-Glucosidase ```

D) Hexosaminidase A / Gangliosides

35.) Which of the plasma lipoproteins is best described as follows: Synthesized in the intestinal mucosa, contains a high concentration of triacylglycerol, and is responsible for the transport of dietary lipids in the circulation? ``` A) Chylomicrons B) High- density lipoprotein C) Intermediate- density lipoprotein D) Low-density lipoprotein E) Very-low-density lipoprotein ```

A) Chylomicrons

36.) Which of the plasma lipoproteins is best described as follows: Synthesized in the liver, contains a high concentration of triacylglycerol and is mainly cleared from the circulation by adipose tissue and muscle? ``` A) Chylomicrons B) High- density lipoprotein C) Intermediate- density lipoprotein D) Low-density lipoprotein E) Very-low-density lipoprotein ```

E) Very-low-density lipoprotein

37.) Which of the plasma lipoproteins is best described as follows: Formed in the circulation by removal of triacylglycerol from very-low-density lipoprotein , contains B-100, delivers cholesterol to extrahepatic tissues? ``` A) Chylomicrons B) High- density lipoprotein C) Intermediate- density lipoprotein D) Low-density lipoprotein E) Very-low-density lipoprotein ```

D) Low-density lipoprotein

38.) Which of the following will be elevated in the bloodstream about 2 hours after eating a high-fat meal? ``` A) Chylomicrons B) High-density lipoprotein C) Ketone bodies D) Nonesterified fatty acids E) Very-low-density lipoprotein ```

A) Chylomicrons

39.) Which of the following will be elevated in the bloodstream about 4 hours after eating a high-fat meal? ``` A) Chylomicrons B) High-density lipoprotein C) Ketone bodies D) Nonesterified fatty acids E) Very-low-density lipoprotein ```

E) Very-low-density lipoprotein

40.) Which of the following statements concerning Chylomicrons is correct? A) Chylomicrons are made inside intestinal cells and secreted into lymph where they acquire apolipoproteins B and C B) The core of Chylomicrons contains triacylglycerol and phospholipids C) The enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase acts on Chylomicrons to release fatty acids from triacylglycerol when they are bound to the surface of endothelial cells in blood capillaries D) Chylomicron remnants differ from Chylomicrons in that they are smaller and contain a lower proportion of triacylglycerol and a higher proportion of cholesterol. E) Chylomicrons are taken up by the liver.

D) Chylomicron remnants differ from Chylomicrons in that they are smaller and contain a lower proportion of triacylglycerol and a higher proportion of cholesterol.

41.) A 35-year-old man with severe hypercholesterolenia has a family history of deaths at a young age from heart disease and stroke. Which of the following genes is likely to be defective? ``` A) Apolipoprotein E B) The LDL receptor C) Lipoprotein lipase D) PCSK9 E) LCAT ```

B) The LDL receptor

42.) A 25-year-old woman with a history that included hepatosplenomegaly with eventual removal of the spleen, bone and joint pain with several fractures of the femur, and a liver biopsy that showed wrinkled-looking cells with accumulations of glucosylceramides was presented at Grand Rounds. The likely diagnosis for this patient is: ``` A) Fabry disease B) Farber disease C) Gaucher disease D) Krabbe disease E) Niemann-Pick disease ```

C) The adult form of Gaucher disease causes hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis of the long bones, and the characteristic wrinkled appearance off the cytosol of cells. This is also the sphingolipidosis in which glucosylceramides accumulate.