Lipids DD

Question 1

Essential fatty acids

Answer 1

• Cant be made by us bc lack enzyme to lace dbl bonds past C 9 and 10 ( Omega-3 and omega-6)
• Linoleic acid and Linolenic Acid are essential
  
  • Polyunsaturated
  • Used to make Archidonic acid
• Most naturally occuring FA are even numbered C 16 18 most common

Question 2

How do bile salts aid in digestion of fats

Answer 2

• Enter duodenum
• Break up large fat globules into smaller lumps (micelles) to create more surface area
• Pancreatic lipase can access more
• Bile is hydrophobic and hydrophillic
  
  • Hydrophobic attach to fat, phillic associate with water to help emulsigy
  • Micelles travel to microvilli of intestinal epithelial and absorbed

Question 3

Basic structure of phospholipids

Answer 3

Glycerol backbone

2 Fatty acid (Hydrophobic)

Phosphate (Hydrophillic)

Question 4

Sphingomyelin

Answer 4

Group of phospholipids in nerve tissue

Have a sphingosine backbone instead of glycerol

Accumulation can lead to Nie-Mann Picks disease (begins early in life, belly swelling, cherry red spot on eye, feeding difficulties, loss of early motor skills)

Question 5

Major components of lipoproteins

5

Answer 5

• Triacylglycerols
• Cholesterol
• Cholesterol esters (component being carried)
• Phopholipids
• Proteins (Apolipoproteins)

Question 6

Chylomicrons

density

trasport

Answer 6

Least dense

High content of triacylglycerols

Transport triacylglycerols from GI to muscle, adipose, liver

Question 7

VLDLs

Answer 7

High content of triacylglycerols

Transport endogenous triacylglycerols from liver to tissues (muscle liver)

Question 8

LDL

Answer 8

Highest content of cholesterol

Primary plasma carries of cholesterol to tissues and liver

Question 9

HDL

Answer 9

Low amount of triacylglycerols most protein

Transfers cholesterol as an acyl ester derivative from other tissues back to liver

HDL is made de novo in liver

Question 10

FA Synthesis

Where

starting

Regulation

Answer 10

• FA synthesis begins in mitochondria with formation of citrate and then travels out to cytoplasm
• Acetyl CoA provides malonyl-CoA to be used in the multienzyme comples Fatty Acid Synthase
• Regulation of FA synthesis occurs at Acetyl CoA Carboxylase and controlled by insulin, glucagon, epinephrine