Carbs DD

Question 1

Reducing sugars

Answer 1

Free anomeric carbon

Oxygen on C1 (carbonyl) is free for redox rxn

Monosaccharides are reducing

Question 2

Proteoglycans structure

Answer 2

Core protein with numerous long linear Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)

Question 3

Glycosaminoglycans structure

Answer 3

Unbranched, acidic, polysaccharide chains with repeated dissacharides of amino sugars (glucosamine, galactosamine) and acid sugars (iduronic acid glucoronic acid)

ALL GAGS are sulfonated except hyaluronic acid

Question 4

what sugars make up

Maltose

Lactose

Sucrose

Answer 4

• Maltose= glucose + glucose
• Lactose= glucose + galactose
• Sucrose= glucose + fructose

Question 5

Glycoproteins structure

Answer 5

Short, branched oligosaccharides

Glycosidic links can be N-linked (dicholic phosphate) or O linked

Question 6

List 3 imp glycoproteins

Answer 6

• Blood grp antigens on RBC and other blood proteins ( coagulation factors)
• Laminin
  
  • Basement membrane
• Fibronectin
  
  • binds cell surface receptors and attaches cells to extracellular matrix

Question 7

Sphingolipids (glycolipids)

Derivatives of

Answer 7

Ceramide, formed by esterification of fatty acid with amino grp sphingosine

Question 8

3 classes of sphingolipids

Answer 8

Sphingomyelins

Cerebrosides

Gangliosides

Question 9

Most abundant GAG

Answer 9

Chondroitin sulfate (found in CT)

Question 10

Which glycosaminoglycans has the largest proprtion of sulfate

Answer 10

Heparin

Question 11

Explain the biochem of S. mutans breakdown of sucrose

Answer 11

• Oral bacteria use sucrose (glu+fru) as a substrate
• Using Glucosyltransferase enzyme they produce glucans
  
  • Dextransucrase is a Glucosyltransferase enzyme
  • Glucans include dextrans, mutans)
  • Fructans (levans) inc adhesion and considered energy reserves (formed from fructose by fructosyl transferase (levan sucrase))