lipids and ester bonds

Question 1

what are lipids?

Answer 1

They are non-polar and hydrophobic meaning insoluble in water.

Question 2

what are triglycerides?

Answer 2

Non polar
Hydrophobic
Made up of monomers glycerol and fatty acids

Question 3

What is glycerol

Answer 3

It is an alcohol

Question 4

What are fatty acids?

Answer 4

Fatty acids contain a methyl group at one end of a hydrocarbon chain known as the R group (chains of hydrogens bonded to carbon atoms, typically 4 to 24 carbons long) and at the other is a carboxyl group

Question 5

what are saturated fatty acids?

Answer 5

They have no carbon double bond and also have a linear structure.

Question 6

what are unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 6

They can have one c double bond and then are monounsaturated or if they have more than one they are polyunsaturated

Question 7

Difference between cis and trans fatty acids?

Answer 7

Trans fatty acids have the H atoms bonded on opposite sides of the C double bond and cannot form enzyme-substrate complexes and this can lead to CHD. Cis fatty acids can be metabolised since they can form these complexes

Question 8

How are triglycerides formed?

Answer 8

An ester bond forms when a hydroxyl (-OH) group from glycerol bonds with the carboxyl (-COOH) group of the fatty acid
The formation of an ester bond is a condensation reaction
For each ester bond formed a water molecule is released
Three fatty acids join to one glycerol molecule to form a triglyceride
Therefore for one triglyceride to form, three water molecules are released