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Clinical Biochem > Lipids and Cardiac > Flashcards

Lipids and Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipoproteins

A

proteins that transport lipids in the plasma

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2
Q

What are fatty acids

A

linear hydrocarbon chains that terminate in a carboxyl group

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3
Q

What are triglycerides

A

3 fatty acid molecules and one molecule of glycerol

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4
Q

What is cholesterol

A

an amphipathic molecule used to synthesize many hormones

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5
Q

What are phospholipids

A

amphipathic molecules conposed of two esterified fatty acids, glycerol and a phospholipid group

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6
Q

What are apolipoproteins

A

amphipathic

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7
Q

What are chylomicrons

A

transport dietary lipids to the liver and peripheral cells, the largest lipoprotein and the least dense

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8
Q

What is VLDL

A

produced in the liver and carries endogenous triglycerides from the liver to peripheral cells, used for energy during fasting periods

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9
Q

What is LDL

A

formed by lipolysis of VLDL it is readily taken up by the liver and peripheral cells

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10
Q

What is HDL

A

the densest lipoprotein synthesized in the liver and intestine, it transports cholesterol away from the peripheral cells back to the liver

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11
Q

What is coronary heart disease

A

the narrowing of small vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart

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12
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

a pathogenic process characterized by cholesterol deposits on vessel walls, macrophage invasion and plaque formation

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12
Q

What are interferences with tryglyceride assays

A

endogenous free glycerol
bilirubin and vitamin C
hemolysis

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13
Q

What are the specimen requirements for tryglyceride assays

A

12 hour fasting specimen
avoid alcohol for 24 hours prior

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14
Q

What can effect tryglycerides

A

exercise, nicotine, change from lying down to standing

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15
Q

What are interferences with total cholesteral assays

A

bilirubin and vitamin C as well as hemolysis

16
Q

What are the specimen requirements for cholesteral assays

A

12 hour fasting

17
Q

What can effect cholesteral

A

exercise, nicotine, prolonged tourniquet time, change from lying down to standing

18
Q

What are cardiac markers

A

BNP, NT-pro-BNP

19
Q

What is troponin

A

used as an early and mid-marker for AMIs and remain elevated for four to ten days after an MI

20
Q

What are interferences with troponin

A

heparin, heterophilic antibodies, autoantibodies, fibrin/hemolysis and rheumatoid factors

21
Q

What is the reference interval for troponin

A

<0.15 ug/L

22
Q

What is BNP

A

a hormone secreted by the ventricles of the heart, an excellent marker of cardiac stress used to identify individuals with severe congestive heart failure

23
Q

What is the acceptable sample for BNPf

A

EDTA

24
Q

How do different levels of BNP indicate for the diagnosis of heart failure

A

> 500 pg/ml very likely
100-500 pg/ml possible
<100 pg/mL unlikely

Clinical Biochem (15 decks)

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