Lipids and Cardiac Flashcards
What are lipoproteins
proteins that transport lipids in the plasma
What are fatty acids
linear hydrocarbon chains that terminate in a carboxyl group
What are triglycerides
3 fatty acid molecules and one molecule of glycerol
What is cholesterol
an amphipathic molecule used to synthesize many hormones
What are phospholipids
amphipathic molecules conposed of two esterified fatty acids, glycerol and a phospholipid group
What are apolipoproteins
amphipathic
What are chylomicrons
transport dietary lipids to the liver and peripheral cells, the largest lipoprotein and the least dense
What is VLDL
produced in the liver and carries endogenous triglycerides from the liver to peripheral cells, used for energy during fasting periods
What is LDL
formed by lipolysis of VLDL it is readily taken up by the liver and peripheral cells
What is HDL
the densest lipoprotein synthesized in the liver and intestine, it transports cholesterol away from the peripheral cells back to the liver
What is coronary heart disease
the narrowing of small vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart
What is atherosclerosis
a pathogenic process characterized by cholesterol deposits on vessel walls, macrophage invasion and plaque formation
What are interferences with tryglyceride assays
endogenous free glycerol
bilirubin and vitamin C
hemolysis
What are the specimen requirements for tryglyceride assays
12 hour fasting specimen
avoid alcohol for 24 hours prior
What can effect tryglycerides
exercise, nicotine, change from lying down to standing
What are interferences with total cholesteral assays
bilirubin and vitamin C as well as hemolysis
What are the specimen requirements for cholesteral assays
12 hour fasting
What can effect cholesteral
exercise, nicotine, prolonged tourniquet time, change from lying down to standing
What are cardiac markers
BNP, NT-pro-BNP
What is troponin
used as an early and mid-marker for AMIs and remain elevated for four to ten days after an MI
What are interferences with troponin
heparin, heterophilic antibodies, autoantibodies, fibrin/hemolysis and rheumatoid factors
What is the reference interval for troponin
<0.15 ug/L
What is BNP
a hormone secreted by the ventricles of the heart, an excellent marker of cardiac stress used to identify individuals with severe congestive heart failure
What is the acceptable sample for BNPf
EDTA
How do different levels of BNP indicate for the diagnosis of heart failure
> 500 pg/ml very likely
100-500 pg/ml possible
<100 pg/mL unlikely
