Lipids Flashcards
What is the definition for lipids
Lipids are classified molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents
What are the 4 main functions of lipids
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS of biological membranes
ENERGY RESERVES predominantly in the form of triglycerols
Serve as VITAMINS and MINERALS
LIPOPHILIC BILE SALTS aid in lipid solubilisation
What are the two types of lipids
Fatty acids
Cholesterol
What are fatty acids
They are long chain hydrocarbon molecules containing carboxylic acid at the end
What does the term saturated mean in relation to fatty acids
The hydrocarbon chain contains no double bonds in its main carbon chain
What does the term unsaturated mean in relation to fatty acids
That there is a least one carbon double bond in the main hydrocarbo chain
What are the 2 major roles of fatty acids in the body
Major component of STORED FAT in the form of triacylglycerols
Components of more complex MEMBRANE LIPIDS
Describe the main structure of triacylglycerides
Composed of three fatty acids which are esterified to a glycerol backbone
What reaction occurs when glycerol and three fatty acids join together
Condensation to release 3 molecules of water
Describe the structure of phospholipids
Glycerol back bone
2 fatty acid chains
One phosphate group
What two things does cholesterol have a role in
Has roles in membrane structure
Is a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids
How is cholesterol transported
Via lipoproteins
Why is utilisation and synthesis of cholesterol highly regulated
As over accumulation can result in abnormal deposits within the body
For example build up in the coronary arteries can lead to atherosclerosis
Which vitamin is derived from steroids
Vitamin D
What does vitamin D regulate
Vitamin D steroid hormone regulates gene expression in
