DNA RNA Flashcards
What are the major functions of amino acids
ENERGY STORES for use in phosphate transfer reactions carried out by ATP
COENZYMES such as NAD+ FAD
MEDIATORS of cellular processes as second messengers in signal transduction events
ACTIVATED INTERMEDIATES in biosynthetic reactions eg S-Adenosylmethionine
What are the three components that make up DNA and RNA
Phosphate group Penthouse sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) Nitrogenous base (A C T G U)
What are nucleotides in cells derivatives of
Heterocyclic basic compounds
Either purine or pyrimidine
How does ribose bind to a nitrogenous base
It binds to the base through a beta - N-glycosidic bond between the anorexic carbon on ribose and N^9 of purine or N^1 of pyramidine
Which nitrogenous bases are purine
Adenine and guanine
Which nitrogenous bases are pyramidine
Thymine, cytosine, uracil
What are nucloeosides
Purine or pyrimidine bases linked to carbohydrates
When a carbohydrate links to a nitrogenous base the resulting molecule is called …
Nucleosides
What are the name of the 4 nucleosides found in RNA
Cytidine
Uridine
Adenosine
Guanosine
What are the name of the 4 nucleosides found in DNA
Deoxycytidine
Deoxythymidine
Deoxyadenosine
Deoxyguanosine
What are nucleotides
Phosphorylated nucleosides
What are the three forms nucleotides can exist in
Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Phosphorylated forms
Which enzyme synthesises deoxynucleotides from ribonucleotides
Ribonucleotide reductase
Where is thymine only found
DNA AND tRNA
What does ADP stand for
Adenosine Diphosphate
How are polynucleotides formed
They are formed by the condensation of 2 or more nucleotides
Where does the bond between two nucleotides form and what is it called
Most commonly occurs between the alcohol of the 5 prime phosphate of nucleotide 1 anc the 3 prime hydroxyl of the 2nd nucleotide
It is called a phosphodiester bond
What is the most common adenosine derivative
3 prime 5 prime cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP
What does cAMP stand for and what is its function
3 prime 5 prime cyclic adenosine monophosphate
It’s a second ,essence robin loved in passing signal transduction events from thr cell surface to internal proteins
What does S-adenosylmethiomine do
It’s a form of activated methionine which serves as a methyl donor in methylation reactions
Give an example of a guanosine derivative
Cyclic form of guanine monophosphate (cGMP)
What does cGMP stand for and what is its role
Cyclic form of guanine monophosphate
Acts as a second messenger molecule which antagonises the effect of cAMP in cells
