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IOE Dentistry - intro to biomolecules > DNA RNA > Flashcards

DNA RNA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of amino acids

A

ENERGY STORES for use in phosphate transfer reactions carried out by ATP
COENZYMES such as NAD+ FAD
MEDIATORS of cellular processes as second messengers in signal transduction events
ACTIVATED INTERMEDIATES in biosynthetic reactions eg S-Adenosylmethionine

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2
Q

What are the three components that make up DNA and RNA

A 
Phosphate group 
Penthouse sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous base (A C T G U)
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3
Q

What are nucleotides in cells derivatives of

A

Heterocyclic basic compounds

Either purine or pyrimidine

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4
Q

How does ribose bind to a nitrogenous base

A

It binds to the base through a beta - N-glycosidic bond between the anorexic carbon on ribose and N^9 of purine or N^1 of pyramidine

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5
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are purine

A

Adenine and guanine

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6
Q

Which nitrogenous bases are pyramidine

A

Thymine, cytosine, uracil

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7
Q

What are nucloeosides

A

Purine or pyrimidine bases linked to carbohydrates

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8
Q

When a carbohydrate links to a nitrogenous base the resulting molecule is called …

A

Nucleosides

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9
Q

What are the name of the 4 nucleosides found in RNA

A

Cytidine
Uridine
Adenosine
Guanosine

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10
Q

What are the name of the 4 nucleosides found in DNA

A

Deoxycytidine
Deoxythymidine
Deoxyadenosine
Deoxyguanosine

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11
Q

What are nucleotides

A

Phosphorylated nucleosides

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12
Q

What are the three forms nucleotides can exist in

A

Mono-
Di-
Tri-
Phosphorylated forms

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13
Q

Which enzyme synthesises deoxynucleotides from ribonucleotides

A

Ribonucleotide reductase

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14
Q

Where is thymine only found

A

DNA AND tRNA

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15
Q

What does ADP stand for

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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16
Q

How are polynucleotides formed

A

They are formed by the condensation of 2 or more nucleotides

17
Q

Where does the bond between two nucleotides form and what is it called

A

Most commonly occurs between the alcohol of the 5 prime phosphate of nucleotide 1 anc the 3 prime hydroxyl of the 2nd nucleotide
It is called a phosphodiester bond

18
Q

What is the most common adenosine derivative

A

3 prime 5 prime cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP

19
Q

What does cAMP stand for and what is its function

A

3 prime 5 prime cyclic adenosine monophosphate

It’s a second ,essence robin loved in passing signal transduction events from thr cell surface to internal proteins

20
Q

What does S-adenosylmethiomine do

A

It’s a form of activated methionine which serves as a methyl donor in methylation reactions

21
Q

Give an example of a guanosine derivative

A

Cyclic form of guanine monophosphate (cGMP)

22
Q

What does cGMP stand for and what is its role

A

Cyclic form of guanine monophosphate

Acts as a second messenger molecule which antagonises the effect of cAMP in cells

IOE Dentistry - intro to biomolecules (3 decks)

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