Lipids

Question 1

What is a sphingolipid called that has a hydrogen attached as a side chain?

Answer 1

Ceramide

Question 2

What is a sphingolipid with a glucose side chain called?

Answer 2

Cerebroside

Question 3

What is a sphingolipid with a multiple glucose side chain called?

Answer 3

ganglioside

Question 4

What is a sphingolipid with a choline side chain?

Answer 4

sphingomyelin

Question 5

What is the most important sphingolipid?

Answer 5

sphingomyelin

Question 6

What are the two major types of phospholipids?

Answer 6

lecithins and cephalins

Question 7

What is another name for lecithin?

Answer 7

phosphatidycholine (PC)

Question 8

What is the most common phospholipid in a bilayer?

Answer 8

lecithin

Question 9

Why you hydrolyze a lecithin what do you get

Answer 9

1 glycerol
1 phosphate
1 choline
2 FA

Question 10

What are the two lipids that contain choline?

Answer 10

phosphatidycholine

sphingomyelin

Question 11

What effect does choline have on the liver?

Answer 11

It has a lipotrophic effect (this means that it helps metabolize and export fat in/from the liver)

Question 12

Where on the bilayer are PC and sphingomyelin in greater concentration?

Answer 12

In the outer leaf of the membrane

Question 13

What will a deficiency in choline lead to?

Answer 13

abnormalities in lipid metabolism, so you will get cirrhosis and fatty liver disease

Question 14

What is a metabolite of choline that is important in methylation?

Answer 14

betaine (so betaine can methylate stuff)

Question 15

What is an important use of lipoproteins?

Answer 15

Used to transport hydrophobic fats through hydrophobic blood

Question 16

What is the least dense lipoprotein?

Answer 16

chylomicrons

Question 17

What does a chylomicron do?

Answer 17

transports newly absorbed fats from the intestine to the liver

Question 18

How are LDL’s transferred into cells?

Answer 18

by receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 19

What is the recipe for a bile salt?

Answer 19

cholic acid + either glycine or taurine

Question 20

What are the two types of biles salts?

Answer 20

glycocholic acid

taurocholic acid

Question 21

What is malonyl CoA?

Answer 21

its a major player in fatty acid synthesis. Its made from acetyl CoA and Co2

Question 22

How many carbons are in malonyl CoA?

Answer 22

3 carbons (2 from acetyl coA and 1 from co2)

Question 23

What does malonyl do in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 23

regulates beta oxidation

inhibits carinitine acyltransferase 1

Question 24

What enzyme makes malonyl CoA?

Answer 24

ACC

Question 25

What is the coenzyme that ACC uses?

Answer 25

biotin

Question 26

What is the committed step of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 26

ACC making malonyl coA

Question 27

What thing upregulates ACC/fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 27

Citrate, insulin, high energy

Question 28

What will downregulate ACC/fatty acid synthesis

Answer 28

epinephrine, glucagon, and low energy state (it requires a lot of energy to make fat)

Question 29

What two molecules are used in fatty acid synthesis? What is the enzyme that catalyzes that reaction?

Answer 29

malonyl coA and acetyl coA

Fatty acid synthase

Question 30

What type of energy are you using to make fatty acid?

Answer 30

NADPH

Question 31

What shuttle is used in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 31

citrate shuttle

Question 32

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

Answer 32

cytosol

Question 33

How do you get fatty acid into the mitochondria?

Answer 33

Carnitine acyltransferase 1

Question 34

What does carnitine acytransferase do?

Answer 34

regulates beta oxidation
transfers FA into liver mitochondria
its inhibited by malonyl CoA

Question 35

What is the end product fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 35

palmitate