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CMB > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Palmitic acid

A

16:0; found in dairy

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2
Q

stearic acid

A

18:0; found in meat

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3
Q

oleic acid

A

18:1; found in vegetable oil

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4
Q

linoleic acid

A

18:2; omega 6; found in vegetable oils, corn, and soys

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5
Q

Linolenic acid

A

18:2; omega 3; found in grains and flax

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6
Q

arachadonic acid

A

20:4; omega 6; found in vegetable oils

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7
Q

eicosepenteneoic acid

A

20:5; omega 3; found in fish oil

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8
Q

docosehexanoic acid

A

22:6; omega 3; found in fish oil

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9
Q

phosphoglyceride/Glycerophospholipids

A

2 FA’s, glycerol, and a head group attached by a phosphate . derived from phosphatidic acid (PA; glycerol with phosphate on C3). Include phosphatidylcholine aka lecithin (main membrane phospholipids and surfactant component) and phosphatidylinositol (intracellular signaling)

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10
Q

dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline

A

major component in pulmonary surfactant; lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (components of surfactant) is indicator of fetal development

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11
Q

Fatty acid length classes

A

<6=short chain, 6-12=medium chain, 13-20=long chain, and >22=very long chain. Length influences method of import: short and medium diffuse directly to hepatic portal vein for transport to liver, long chain fatty acid transport is facilitated by binding to albumin, dietary LCFA’s are transported by chylomicrons through the lymphatic and circulatory systems. MCFA’s and SCFA’s diffuse strait into mitochondria for β oxidation, while LCFA’s depend on carnitine shuttle to transport across inner membrane. VLCFA’s are oxidized in peroxisomes (note; Zellweger syndrome causes accumulation of VLCFA’s in blood because of peroxisome deficiency)

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12
Q

ceremide

A

sphingosine attached to unsaturated FA

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13
Q

Sphingophospholipids

A

ceremide+head group e.g. sphingomyelin (ceremide+phosphorylcholine)

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14
Q

Crerebrosides

A

ceremide + 1 sugar; mostly in brain

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15
Q

Sulfatidates

A

galactocerebroside + sulfate(s)

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16
Q

Globosides

A

ceremide + >1 sugar

17
Q

Ganglioside

A

globoside + acidic sugar; 2 or more sugars to ceremide and broken down by hexosaminidases A and B. Tay-Sachs is cursed by Hexosamindase A deficiency and leads to accumulation of gangliosides in neurons

18
Q

Eicosanoids

A

signalling molecules derived from 20C arachidonic acid. Released from membrane by phospholipase A2 and converted to eicosanoids by prostaglandin synthase and lipooxygenase

19
Q

Prostaglandins

A

involved in inflammation response and have variety of effects; usually cause vasodialation, increased vascular permeability and edema

20
Q

Thromboxanes

A

regulate platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. PGI2 (prostacyclin) produced by endothelial cells interferes with thromboxane action

21
Q

Leukotrienes

A

involved in inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions. Production is mediated by PLA2, as well as phosphorylation and Ca2+ regulation of the enzymes involved in synthesis . They promote smooth muscle contraction (airway and intestines) , increase vascular permeability and edema, and some mediate chemotaxis

22
Q

Hydroeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs)

A

affect neutrophils and eosinophils; affect chemotaxis, stimulate adenylyl cyclase, and cause release of hydrolytic enzymes

23
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

ceremide + phosphatidylcholine and is degraded by sphingomyelinase

24
Q

Niemann-Pick

A

lipid storage disorder that results from the deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme, acid sphingomyelinase. The original description of NPD referred to what is currently termed NPD type A, which is a fatal disorder of early childhood characterized by failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative course that leads to death by age 2-3 years.

25
Q

Phospholipases

A
  • A1: between C1 and FA
  • A2: between C2 and FA
  • C: between C3 and phosphate
  • D: between phosphate and sugar/amino acid

CMB (15 decks)

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