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MS3 - Clinical biochem > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Normal role of cholesterol

A

Cell membrane synthesis
Precursor for steroids/Vit D
Keeps tom going

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2
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Transport lipids in blood

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3
Q

Constituents of lipoproteins

A

Apoproteins

Phospholipids

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4
Q

Apoproteins

A

Structural
Cofactor
Receptor ligand

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5
Q

Types of lipoproteins

A 
Chylomicron - 1% cholesterlo, 99% TG
VLDL
LDL
IDL
HDL
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6
Q

Measurements in a lipid profile

A

Total cholesterol
HDL
TG

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7
Q

LDL calculation

A

LDL = total chol - HDL - TG/2.2

Pt must be fasting as TG varies

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8
Q

Non-HDL calculation

A

Non-HDL = total chol - HDL

Both LDL and VLDL (both atherogenic)

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9
Q

Normal total cholesterol

A

5.9

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10
Q

Ideal total cholesterol

A

< 4

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11
Q

Normal TG

A

< 1.7

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12
Q

Ideal TG

A

< 1.2

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13
Q

Normal LDL

A

4

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14
Q

Ideal LDL

A

< 2

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15
Q

Normal Non-HDL cholesterol

A

4.5

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16
Q

Ideal Non-HDL cholesterol

A

< 2.5

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17
Q

Primary causes of hyperlipidaemia

A
  • Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
  • Familial combined hyperlipidaemia
  • Type III hyperlipidaemia
  • Severe Hypertriglyceridaemia
18
Q

Secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia

A
  • Alcohol
  • HIV
  • Anorexia
  • Drugs (Anti retrovirals, Retinoids, Steroids)
  • Diabetes
  • Liver disease
  • Renal disease
    (Nephrotic syndrome)
  • Hypothyroidism
19
Q

Genetics of familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

Autosomal dominant

20
Q

Possible defects in familial hypercholesterolaemia

A

LDL receptor
Apo B
PCSK9

21
Q

Familial hypercholesterolaemia lipid profile

A

chol > 7.5

TG normal

22
Q

Genetics of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia

A

Autosomal dominant

23
Q

Cause of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia

A

VLDL over production by liver

24
Q

Familial combined hyperlipidaemia lipid profile

A

Chol 5 - 10

TG 5 - 10

25
Q

Mx of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia

26
Q

Causes of Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia

A

Apo E2/E2 genotype
EtOH
Diet

27
Q

Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia lipid profile

A

Chol and TG 5 - 15

28
Q

Sx of Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia

A

Palmar crease xanthomata

29
Q

Mx of Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia

A

Statin

Fibrates

30
Q

Cause of Severe hyperglyceraemia

A

Lipo lipase deficiency

31
Q

TG level in Severe hyperglyceraemia

32
Q

Sx of Severe hyperglyceraemia

A

Eruptive xanthomata
Lipaemia retinalis
Acute pancreatitis

33
Q

Mx if Severe hyperglyceraemia

34
Q

Statins

A

HMGCoA reductase inhibitor
Reduces liver production of cholesterol
Upregulates LDL receptors

35
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Inhibits GI cholesterol absorption

36
Q

Bile substrate

A

Reduces cholesterol

37
Q

Evolocumab

A

PCSK9 inhibitor

Reduces cholesterol

38
Q

PCSK9

A

Binds irreversibly to LDL receptor

Receptor is broken down rather than reused

39
Q

Fibrates

A

Upregulate lipase

More TG broken down to FFAs

40
Q

Omacor / Fish oil

A

False TG substrate

Reduces TG level

MS3 - Clinical biochem (11 decks)

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