Lipids

Question 1

Normal role of cholesterol

Answer 1

Cell membrane synthesis
Precursor for steroids/Vit D
Keeps tom going

Question 2

Lipoproteins

Answer 2

Transport lipids in blood

Question 3

Constituents of lipoproteins

Answer 3

Apoproteins

Phospholipids

Question 4

Apoproteins

Answer 4

Structural
Cofactor
Receptor ligand

Question 5

Types of lipoproteins

Answer 5

Chylomicron - 1% cholesterlo, 99% TG
VLDL
LDL
IDL
HDL

Question 6

Measurements in a lipid profile

Answer 6

Total cholesterol
HDL
TG

Question 7

LDL calculation

Answer 7

LDL = total chol - HDL - TG/2.2

Pt must be fasting as TG varies

Question 8

Non-HDL calculation

Answer 8

Non-HDL = total chol - HDL

Both LDL and VLDL (both atherogenic)

Question 9

Normal total cholesterol

Answer 9

5.9

Question 10

Ideal total cholesterol

Answer 10

< 4

Question 11

Normal TG

Answer 11

< 1.7

Question 12

Ideal TG

Answer 12

< 1.2

Question 13

Normal LDL

Answer 13

4

Question 14

Ideal LDL

Answer 14

< 2

Question 15

Normal Non-HDL cholesterol

Answer 15

4.5

Question 16

Ideal Non-HDL cholesterol

Answer 16

< 2.5

Question 17

Primary causes of hyperlipidaemia

Answer 17

• Familial Hypercholesterolaemia
• Familial combined hyperlipidaemia
• Type III hyperlipidaemia
• Severe Hypertriglyceridaemia

Question 18

Secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia

Answer 18

• Alcohol
• HIV
• Anorexia
• Drugs (Anti retrovirals, Retinoids, Steroids)
• Diabetes
• Liver disease
• Renal disease
  (Nephrotic syndrome)
• Hypothyroidism

Question 19

Genetics of familial hypercholesterolaemia

Answer 19

Autosomal dominant

Question 20

Possible defects in familial hypercholesterolaemia

Answer 20

LDL receptor
Apo B
PCSK9

Question 21

Familial hypercholesterolaemia lipid profile

Answer 21

chol > 7.5

TG normal

Question 22

Genetics of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia

Answer 22

Autosomal dominant

Question 23

Cause of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia

Answer 23

VLDL over production by liver

Question 24

Familial combined hyperlipidaemia lipid profile

Answer 24

Chol 5 - 10

TG 5 - 10

Question 25

Mx of Familial combined hyperlipidaemia

Answer 25

Statins

Question 26

Causes of Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia

Answer 26

Apo E2/E2 genotype EtOH Diet

Question 27

Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia lipid profile

Answer 27

Chol and TG 5 - 15

Question 28

Sx of Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia

Answer 28

Palmar crease xanthomata

Question 29

Mx of Type 3 hyperrlipidaemia

Answer 29

Statin | Fibrates

Question 30

Cause of Severe hyperglyceraemia

Answer 30

Lipo lipase deficiency

Question 31

TG level in Severe hyperglyceraemia

Answer 31

> 10

Question 32

Sx of Severe hyperglyceraemia

Answer 32

Eruptive xanthomata Lipaemia retinalis Acute pancreatitis

Question 33

Mx if Severe hyperglyceraemia

Answer 33

Fibrates

Question 34

Statins

Answer 34

HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Reduces liver production of cholesterol Upregulates LDL receptors

Question 35

Ezetimibe

Answer 35

Inhibits GI cholesterol absorption

Question 36

Bile substrate

Answer 36

Reduces cholesterol

Question 37

Evolocumab

Answer 37

PCSK9 inhibitor | Reduces cholesterol

Question 38

PCSK9

Answer 38

Binds irreversibly to LDL receptor | Receptor is broken down rather than reused

Question 39

Fibrates

Answer 39

Upregulate lipase | More TG broken down to FFAs

Question 40

Omacor / Fish oil

Answer 40

False TG substrate | Reduces TG level