Lipids

Question 1

naming FA

Answer 1

Saturated: name of parent hydrocarbon substituting the -e for -oic
Monounsaturated: substitute -e with -enoic
Polyunsaturated: substitute -e with -dienoic for 2 db, and -trienoic for 3 db

Question 2

Omega nomenclature

Answer 2

db counted from Omega/tail end

Stearic (18:0) no db
Linoleic (18:2n-6) 2 db and they are 6 C apart
Linoleinic (18:3n-3) 3 db and they are 3 C apart

Question 3

what factors affect the MP of FAs

Answer 3

fluidity inc as chain length dec ->lower MP

addition of cis double bonds inc dec MP

Question 4

triacylglycerol function

Answer 4

storage, insulation, and cushioning

they are good at this because they are unhydrated so they weigh less, making them more efficient for energy storage by weight (important in flight)

also they are more reduced than complex FA so they yield 2X the energy as carbohydrates

Question 5

types of membrane lipids

Answer 5

phospholipids-bilayer or membranes
glycolipids-cell signaling molecules on the membrane
cholesterol-membrane fluidity

Question 6

micelle

Answer 6

free FA, detergents, and lysophospholipids will form micelle in water
they are single units->wedge shape
fit together in a sphere with hydrophobic ends inside

Question 7

bilayer

Answer 7

phospholipids and glycolipids for bilayers in water
the individual units are cylindrical
best way these come together to remove hydrophobic ends from water is in a bilayer

Question 8

liposome

Answer 8

a bilayer of phospholipids or glycolipids form a giant sphere

the center is aqueous

Question 9

components of a phospholipid

Answer 9

1) FA
2) platform for FA to attach: phosphate or sphingolipid
3) a phosphate
4) an alcohol

Question 10

lysophospholipids

Answer 10

contain only one acyl group

intermediate during metabolism or interconversion of phospholipids

Question 11

plasmalogen

Answer 11

ether linkage instead of ester

important in signaling, located in brain and muscle

Question 12

cerebroside

Answer 12

glycolipid in brain

Question 13

glycolipids

Answer 13

no phosphate

sugar containing lipids–> have an amide linkage (phospholipids do NOT)

derived from sphigosine

Question 14

sphingolipids

Answer 14

http://eichler.mgh.harvard.edu/introduction-to-lipids/

backbone in sphingosine instead of glycerol

http://www.cs.stedwards.edu/chem/Chemistry/CHEM43/CHEM43/Sphingolipids/structure.html

Question 15

eicosanoids

Answer 15

molecules similar to hormones

contains Omega-6 and Omega-3

Omega-6=Arachidonic Acid (AA)
found in veg oils, grains
inflammatory

Omega-3=Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
found in fish oil and flax
anti-inflammatory

Question 16

What happens to free fatty acids in the body

Answer 16

very few free FA in body, some shortly after eating attached to albumin

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1) turned into storage lipids (simple), or membrane lipids (complex)
2) storage lipids are triacylglycerols; membrane lipids can be either phospholipids or glycolipids
3) phospholidids can be either glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids; glycolipids can just be sphinglipids