lipids Flashcards
palmitic acid;
stearic acid;
palmitoleic acid;
oleic acid;
linoleic acid;
linolenic acid;
arachidonic acid;
any diacyl- and triacylglycerol (e.g. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol);
Phosphatidic Acid
z group is just H
phosphatidyl ethanolamine
found where?
also called?
- z group is ethanol with amine grp
- specifically found on the inner layer of the lipid bilayer
- abundant in brain/nerves
- AKA Cephalin
phosphatidylcholine
found where?
also called?
- choline is the z group
- found in outer layer of lipid bilayer + in pulmonary surfactant, abundunant in brain + nerves
- AKA lecithin
phosphatidylserine
where is it found?
what does it do?
- serine is Z group
- held on inner layer of cell membrane by flippase
- during apoptosis, flippase stops holding it and its flip to the outer layer to signal macrophages
phosphatidyl-inositol
where is it?
- inner cell membrane
phosphatidylglycerol
where is it found?
- found in pulmonary surfactant
What are ether lipids?
examples?
- lipids in which at least one C of glycerol is bonded to an alkyl chain via an ether (-O-) bond
- similar to triglycerides/glycerophospholipids but long chain alcohols replaces the FAs
- plasmalogen (anti-ox, signaling, membrane dynamics
- platelet activating factor (platelet agg., inflammation, etc… shown below)
Sphingosine
where is it found?
- found in various sphingolipids in cell membranes
- important in signaling as well
(looks like a glycerol with middle OH subbed by amino and 3rd H subbed by 15-C w/ double bond on first C)
Ceramide
where is it found?
- found in cell membranes, contribute to sphingomyelin, etc.
- involved in signaling
(sphingosine with an acyl on the amine)
Sphingomyelin
- where are they found?
- found in myelin sheath and other cell membranes
- can also have phosphoethanolamine
(ceramide with a phosphocholine group on the bare OH)
Cholesterol
Cortisol
aldosterone
Estradiol
Testosterone
Progesterone
Cholic Acid
Prostaglandin E2
another name
function?
dinoprostone
- signals labour, induces fever, stimulates bone resorption
What are the molecules with carbs attached to C1 of a sphingolipid?
3 main categories and their respective carbs.
- what is one of their major functions?
Glycosphingolipids
- Cerebrosides - glucose, galactose… muscle/nerve cells
- Globosides - neutral oligosacchs…
- Gangliosides - anionic oligosacchs… cell surface
- specify cell identity - responsible for blood grouping
Describe what can be assumed about a lipid structure from its name using eicosapentaenoic acid as an example.
eicosa - denotes 20 carbons total
penta-enoic - denotes 5 “-enes” or double bonds
- no information about the location of the double bonds is given here, but would be indicated with numbers preceding the name
What are glycerophospholipids?
Why is the phosphate specifically located on a certain carbon of the backbone?
- main compononents of biological membranes
- glycerol with 2 FAs and phosphate on C3
- glycerol-3-phosphate not 1, because glycerol is prochiral
What are the common FAs for glycerophospholipids?
– 16:0 or 18:0 at C1
– 18:1 Δ(2) or 20:1 Δ(2) at C2
