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Module 2 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

0
Q

Lipids are classified according to what?

A

Their functions

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1
Q

What is the solubility of Lipids?

A

Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents (eg. hexane, ether, benzene). *Acetone (polar) can dissolve polar lipids.

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2
Q

Storage lipids are also called?

A

Neutral Lipids

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3
Q

These are esters of glycerol and fatty acids.

A

Triglycerides/Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

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4
Q

These are storage forms of fatty acids in animals and humans in adipose tissue.

A

Triglycerides/Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

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5
Q

Examples of Triglycerides

A

Fats and Fixed oils

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6
Q

Fats are (solid/liquid) at room temp?

A

Solid

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7
Q

The only fat that is a liquid at room temp.

A

Cod liver oil

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8
Q

Fixed oils are (solid/liquid) at room temp?

A

Liquid

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9
Q

The only solid fixed oil at rm temp.

A

Theobroma oil

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10
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 2 carbon atoms

A

Acetic acid

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11
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 4 carbon atoms

A

Butyric acid

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12
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 6 carbon atoms

A

Caproic acid

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13
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 8 carbon atoms

A

Caprylic acid

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14
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 10 carbon atoms

A

Capric acid

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15
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 12 carbon atoms

A

Lauric acid

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16
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms

A

Myristic acid

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17
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms

A

Palmitic acid

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18
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms

A

Stearic acid

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19
Q

Saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms

A

Arachidic acid

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20
Q

Most abundant saturated fatty acid in animals and humans

A

Palmitic acid

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21
Q

What is the meaning of a ‘saturated’ compound?

A

It has no multiple bonds.

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22
Q

What is the meaning of an ‘unsaturated’ compound?

A

It has multiple bonds.

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23
Q

Describe structure of monounsaturated fatty acids and give examples.

A

They have 1 double bond. Examples are palmitoleic acid and oleic acid.

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24
Q

How many carbon atoms does palmitoleic acid have? Where is its double bond found?

A

16 Carbon atoms, double bond between C9 and C10.

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25
Q

How many carbon atoms does oleic acid have? Where is its double bond found?

A

18 carbon atoms, double bond at 9-10

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26
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are also known as?

A

Essential fatty acids

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27
Q

Enumerate the three essential fatty acids.

A

Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, and Arachidonic acid

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28
Q

What is the conditionally essential fatty acid? Why is it only ‘conditionally’?

A

Arachidonic acid. We can synthesize it but its precursor are essential fatty acids (Linoleic and Linolenic acid).

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29
Q

Linoleic acid is commonly known as?

A

Omega-6

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30
Q

Linolenic acid is commonly known as?

A

Omega-3

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31
Q

What are the 4 different types of lipids according to function?

A

Triglycerides/Triacylglycerols (TAGs)
Structural Lipids
Terpenoids
Eicosanoids

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32
Q

What are the 3 different fatty acid components of TAGs?

A

Saturated fatty acids
Monounsaturated fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids

33
Q

What are the 2 types of Structural/Natural Lipids?

A

Triglycerides/Triacylglycerides

Waxes

34
Q

What is the structure of waxes?

A

Waxes are esters of fatty acids with high MW monohydric alcohols.

35
Q

Give examples of waxes.

A

Beeswax, Lanolin, Carnauba wax, Spermaceti

36
Q

What is the main function of Structural Lipids?

A

They are major components of the cell membrane.

37
Q

What are the three types of Structural Lipids?

A

Phosphoglycerides, Sphingolipids, and Sterols

38
Q

What are the functional groups of Phosphoglycerides?

A

Phosphoglycerides are esters of glycerol, fatty acids, phosphates, and a polar head group.

39
Q

Which of the functional groups of Structural lipids varies?

A

The polar head group

40
Q

What is the parent compound of Phosphoglycerides?

A

Phosphatidic acid with -H as polar head.

41
Q

What is the phosphoglyceride with a polar head of choline?

A

Phosphatidyl choline

42
Q

What is the phosphoglyceride with a polar head of ethanolomine?

A

Ethanolamine

43
Q

What is the phosphoglyceride with a polar head of serine?

A

Phosphatidyl serine

44
Q

Phosphatidyl choline is more commonly known as?

A

Lecithin

45
Q

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine is more commonly known as?

A

Cephalin

46
Q

What phosphoglycerides have degradation products that are precursors for 2° messengers?

A

Phosphatidyl inositol

47
Q

What phosphoglyceride is an important component of cardiolipin?

A

Phosphatidyl glycerol

48
Q

What are the functional groups of Sphingolipids?

A

Sphingosine (an alcohol)
Fatty acid
Polar head group

49
Q

This is the parent of Sphingolipids in relation to structures.

A

Ceramide

50
Q

What is a ceramide?

A

Ceramide is the amide of sphingosine and fatty acid.

51
Q

Ceramide + phosphocoline/phosphoethanolamine

A

Sphingomyelins

52
Q

Sphingomyelins are found where?

A

Myelin sheath

53
Q

Ceramide + monosaccharide

A

Cerebrosides

54
Q

Ceramide + disaccharide or neutral oligosaccharide

A

Globosides

55
Q

Ceramide + charged oligosaccharide

A

Gangliosides (-)

56
Q

The charged oligosaccharide in gangliosides (-) that gives its (-) charge.

A

N-acetylneuraminic acid

57
Q

N-acetylneuraminic acid is commonly known as?

A

Sialic acid

58
Q

What is the charge of cerebrosides and globosides?

A

Neutral

59
Q

Cholesterols are classified as?

A

Sterols (under Structural Lipids)

60
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

It controls the rigidity and fluidity.

61
Q

Cholesterol can be found in plants. True/False.

A

False

62
Q

Cholesterol is a precursor in the synthesis of what?

A

Steroid hormones and Bile acids

63
Q

Where are bile acids produced? stored?

A

Bile acids are produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

64
Q

Main function of bile acids.

A

Fat emusification and digestion

65
Q

Give examples of bile acids derived from cholesterol.

A

Cholic acid
Deoxycholic acid
Lithocholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid

66
Q

What are the transport forms of cholesterol in the body?

A

Lipoproteins

67
Q

What are the bad cholesterol and good cholesterol?

A

LDL - bad cholesterol

HDL - good cholesterol

68
Q

This type of lipoprotein is transported to peripheral tissues.

A

LDL

69
Q

This type of lipoprotein is transported into the liver for metabolism.

A

HDL

70
Q

These are sterols found in plants.

A

Sitosterol, Stigmasterol

71
Q

This sterol is found in the cell walls of fungi.

A

Ergosterol

72
Q

Main structure of steroids

A

(CPPP) cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene

73
Q

This type of lipids are polymers of isoprene unit.

A

Terpenoids

74
Q

Example of Terpenoids

A

Fat soluble vitamins

75
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

76
Q

Function of vitamin A

A

Antioxidant

77
Q

Vitamin E is an anti-aging vitamin because it prevents what?

A

Lipid peroxidation

78
Q

Function of vitamin K

A

Blood clotting

79
Q

Eicosanoids are derived from?

A

Arachidonic acid

80
Q

Eicosanoids that are mediators of pain, fever, and inflammation

A

Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Thromboxanes

81
Q

Thromboxane responsible for platelet aggregation

A

TXA2

Module 2 (3 decks)

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