Lipids

Question 1

What are trigkycerides made out of?

Answer 1

3 fatty acids + 1 molecule of glycerol

Question 2

What is esterfication

Answer 2

is dehydration synthesis, brings glycerol and fatty acids

uses they hrdoxl group of glycerol and the carboxly group from the fatty acid to form ester linkages

Question 3

Saturated fats

Answer 3

Tend to be linear, able to line up tightly so plenty of intermolecular bonding (van der Waals)

Therefore, solid at room temperature

Generally found to be from animals

Question 4

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 4

One or more C=C (double) bonds

Tend to be kinked, do not line up tightly so less intermolecular bonding

Therefore, liquid at room temperature (oils)

Tend to be found in plants

Question 5

Trans fats

Answer 5

Lab-made through hydrogenation → this process adds H’s to unsaturated fats so they can be more stable (i.e. solid) at room temperature.

Question 6

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Answer 6

Main component of cell membranes.

Question 7

All phospholipids begin as:

Answer 7

glycerol molecule +
two fatty acids +
polar phosphate group.

Question 8

When added to water, phospholipids
form…

Answer 8

MICELLES

Question 9

STEROIDS

Answer 9

Hydrophobic molecules containing four fused hydrocarbon rings and several different functional groups.

Question 10

Cholesterol

Answer 10

 gives membranes rigidity.

 precursor of steroid hormones

 is very common in animal cells

 involved in formation of Vitamin D and bile salts

Question 10

WAXES

Answer 10

Lipids containing long-chain fatty acids linked to alcohol or carbon rings

Form waterproof coatings on various plants and animal parts