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Biology A-Level 1A Biological Molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A
  • energy store
  • protective layers around organs
  • insulation
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2
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A
  • energy store
  • protective layers around organs
  • insulation
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3
Q

What is the function of phospholipids?

A
  • phospholipids are polar so can form the cell membrane
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4
Q

What is the structure of glycerol (diagram) ?

A

H
H - C - OH
H - C - OH
H - C - OH
H

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5
Q

What is the formula for a fatty acid?

A

R COOH.
- COOH, carboxyl group
- R, methyl group and hydrocarbon chain

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6
Q

What is the structure of a triglyceride ( diagram ) ?

A

1 glycerol back bone + 3 fatty acids

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7
Q

Why are lipids insoluble in water?

A

Fatty acid molecules have long tails made up of hydrocarbons. The tails are hydrophobic meaning they repel water molecules. This makes lipids insoluble in water

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8
Q

How are triglycerides formed?

A

Triglycerides are formed by a condensation reactions producing 3X H2O. An ester bond forms between the two molecules.

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9
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A
  • ignore the double bond in the carboxyl group
  • fatty acids with single bonds are termed saturated because they are fully saturated its hydrogen
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10
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A
  • ignore the double bond in the carboxyl group
  • fatty acids with double bond are termed unsaturated because they are not fully saturated with hydrogen
  • the unsaturated bonds cause the fatty acids to ‘kink’
  • the kinks lower the melting point making it more likely to be a liquid at room temperature
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11
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid ( diagram ) ?

A

1 glycerol backbone + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group

( one fatty acid is replaced with a phosphate group)

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12
Q

Why can phospholipids form a bi - layer?

A

Whereas the three fatty acids in triglycerides are hydrophobic making triglycerides insoluble in water. The phosphate group group is hydrophilic meaning it atttracts water. This allows phospholipids to for a bi - layer.

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13
Q

How does the structure of triglycerides relate to their function?

A
  • insoluble in water so don’t effect the water potential of the cell
  • used for energy storage molecules
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14
Q

How does the structure of phospholipids relate to their function?

A
  • phospholipids make up the bilayer of cell membranes
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15
Q

How does the structure of phospholipids relate to their function?

A
  • phospholipids make up the bilayer of cell membranes
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16
Q

Emulsion test for lipids:

A
  1. Add ethanol to substance and shake
  2. Pour solution ion water
  3. Milky emulsion is a positive result

Biology A-Level 1A Biological Molecules (6 decks)

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