Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids?
Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
What are the main functions of lipids in the body?
Lipids serve as a source of energy, form cell membranes, act as signaling molecules, and provide insulation.
True or False: Lipids are hydrophobic molecules.
True
What are the three main types of lipids?
The three main types of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols.
Which type of lipid is the most common form of fat stored in the body?
Triglycerides
What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?
A triglyceride consists of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
What is the primary function of phospholipids in cell membranes?
Phospholipids form a lipid bilayer that makes up the cell membrane, providing structure and regulating what enters and exits the cell.
True or False: Cholesterol is a type of sterol.
True
What role does cholesterol play in the body?
Cholesterol is a component of cell membranes and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones.
What are essential fatty acids?
Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet.
Which omega-3 fatty acid is commonly found in fish oil?
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.
What is the role of lipoproteins in transporting lipids in the bloodstream?
Lipoproteins serve as carriers for lipids, transporting them to various tissues in the body.
What is the lipoprotein known as ‘bad cholesterol’?
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
What is the lipoprotein known as ‘good cholesterol’?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
What is the process called when unsaturated fats are converted to saturated fats through hydrogenation?
Hydrogenation
What is the term for the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipolysis
What is the term for the synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipogenesis
What is the primary storage form of lipids in adipose tissue?
Triglycerides
What is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease related to lipids?
High levels of LDL cholesterol
What are trans fats and why are they considered unhealthy?
Trans fats are unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated, making them more stable but also increasing the risk of heart disease.
What is the recommended daily intake of saturated fats for adults according to dietary guidelines?
Less than 10% of total daily calories
What is the term for the chemical digestion of lipids in the small intestine?
Lipolysis
What is the main source of omega-6 fatty acids in the diet?
Vegetable oils
