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Biology Module 2 > lipids > Flashcards

lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

11 functions of lipids

A

energy source, water source, energy store , thermal insulation, stores fat soluble vitamins, buoyancy, cushioning , membrame formation , hormone production , waterproofing

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2
Q

Function of lipids
buoyancy explanation

A
  • fat is less dense than water
  • used by aquatic mammals to help them stay afloat
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3
Q

Function of lipids
cushioning explanation

A
  • visceral fat protects organs
  • acts as a shock absorber
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4
Q

Function of lipids
membrane formation explanation

A
  • creation of hydrophobic barriers
  • eg. lipid rich coat formed on bacteria
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5
Q

Function of lipids
Electrical insulation explanation

A
  • for impulse transmission
  • eg. lipid in nerve cells acts as an electrical insulator
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6
Q

Function of lipids
Waterproofing explanation

A
  • eg birds feathers and plants waxy cuticle.
  • form of protection for plant / animal
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7
Q

Function of lipids
energy source explanation

A
  • can be used in respiration
  • twice as much energy released per gram as carbohydrates
  • done by hydrolysing the ester bonds, then the glycerol and the fatty acids can be broken down completely.
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8
Q

Function of lipids
water source explanation

A

water is yielded from respiration

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9
Q

Function of lipids
thermal insulation explanation

A
  • eg, whale blubber, acts as a heat insulator
  • Animals preparing fro hibernation store extra fat
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10
Q

Function of lipids
storing fat soluble vitamins explanation

A

adipose tissues stores vitamins ADE and K

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11
Q

made up of elements
what ratio

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
1:2:<1

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12
Q

What state are fats at room temp?

A

solids

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13
Q

what state are oils at room temp

A

liquids

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14
Q

what type of molecules are lipids

A
  • macro molecules
  • complex molecules with a relatively large molecular mass
  • do not form polymers as they are not monomers
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15
Q

what is the distribution of electrons in lipids

A

even distribution of electrons, so lipids are not polar

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16
Q

What is lipids solubility

A
  • insoluble in water because they do not attract water molecules
  • do dissolve in alcohol
17
Q

Triglyceride structure

A

made by combining one glycerol molecule to three fatty acids

18
Q

What is the structure of glycerol

A

look up

19
Q

What is the structure of fatty acids

A

look up

20
Q

What group is glycerol part of

A
  • alcohol group
  • acts as backbone of the macro molecule
21
Q

What group are fatty acids

A
  • part of carboxylic acids due to carboxyl group (COOH) with a hydrocarbon chain attached
22
Q

Formation of triglycerides

A
  • The hydroxyl groups interact leading to the formation of three water molecules and three ester bonds between the fatty acids and glycerol molecules
  • condensation reaction
23
Q

saturated fats, bonding and structure

A
  • no double carbon bonds
  • all carbons have formed the max amount of bonds (4) with hydrogen
  • straight chain is produced
  • fatty acid chains can be packed closely together
24
Q

unsaturated fats, bonding and structure

A
  • double bonds between one or more carbon
  • only one double carbon bond - monounsaturated
  • two or more double carbon bonds - polyunsaturated
  • double bonds causes kinks/ bends
  • fatty cannot be packed densely together
25
Q

relationship between fats and CHD

A

Research is inconclusive, no accepted idea
- some evidence points towards an excess of saturated fats in diet can lead to CHD
- an excess of any fat, leads to obesity which will put a strain on the heart

26
Q

Why are triglycerides ideal energy storage molecules?

A
  • insoluble
  • releases twice as much energy as carbohydrates per gram
  • do not effect water potential of cell
27
Q

what are phospholipids

- what elemnts does it conatin
- how many fatty acids

A
  • modified triglycerides
  • contain phosphorus, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
  • conatin two fatty acids, one glycerol and a phospahte group
  • are diglycerides
  • polar molecule
28
Q

hydrophoic and hydrophillic part

A

hydrophillic head, water loving, composed of glycerol and phospahte group
hydrophobic tail, water hating, composed of aftty acid chains

29
Q

whats the name for a molecule that has both hydrophobic and hydrophillic portions

A

ampipathic

Biology Module 2 (9 decks)

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