Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some types of lipids? (5)

A

fats, oils, phospholipids, waxes, steroils

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2
Q

what differs in fats and oils?

A

melting point

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3
Q

where are they found?

A

animals and plants

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4
Q

what are some uses of lipids (8)?

A

insulates - under the skin, reduces thermal transfer
energy store is 3-5 times more energy from lipids than ATP
oils on skin and hair to keep supple
lubricant in joints
hormones
cell membrane
insoluble - not very soluble
insulates neurons

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5
Q

what are lipids made up of?

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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6
Q

what are the three sections of a fatty acid?

A

carboxylic acid, hydro-carbon, methyl group

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7
Q

what does saturated mean?

A

it means a fatty acid with NO c-c double bonds

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8
Q

what does unsaturated mean?

A

when a fatty acid has a c-c double bond (mono unsaturated) or two c-c double bonds (poly saturated)

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9
Q

what do less hydrogen bonds mean?

A

in unsaturated fatty acids there are less hydrogen bonds making it unstable

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10
Q

what takes place to form a triglyceride?

A

3 condensation reactions (3 molecules of water is lost/produced)

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11
Q

what is the name of the bond formed?

A

an Esther bond

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12
Q

when triglycerides are hydrolysed how many monomers are produced and what are they?

A

4 monomers! 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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13
Q

what are monoglycerides and diglycerides?

A

monoglycerides = 1 glycerol and 1 fatty acid
diglycerides = 1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids

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14
Q

what do diglycerides have and how does this help them carry out their function?

A

as they have 2 fatty acids they have an empty ‘port’ and a phosphate bonds to create a phospholipid which makes up the cell membrane

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15
Q

what characteristics do glycerol and fatty acids have?

A

fatty acids - are hydrophobic
glycerol - polar/hydrophilic

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16
Q

why does the phospholipid representation have a kink in it?

A

it’s kinked because of the c=c double bond which makes it mono-unsaturated

17
Q

what is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

they have phosphate hydrophilic heads which means they’re soluble however their tails are hydrophobic (a.k.a insoluble) this creates a bilayer of cell membranes. The centre of the bilayer is hydrophobic so water-soluble substances can’t easily pass through as the fatty acids and water would separate and destroy the cell the membrane acts as a barrier to those substance