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Long Exam (Biochem) > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Water insoluble, oily or greasy biochemical compounds that can be extracted from the cells by nonpolar solvents such as ether, chloroform or benzene.

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Function of Lipids

A
  1. As structural components of membranes
  2. As enzyme co-factors
  3. As storage and transport form of metabolic fuel
  4. As protective coating on the surface of many organisms
  5. Hormones and Vitamins
  6. Insulation
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3
Q
  • Building block component of saponifiable lipids
A

Fatty acid

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4
Q
  • Possess a long HC chain and terminal carboxyl group
A

Fatty Acids

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5
Q

Contain double bonds

A

Unsaturated

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6
Q

no double bond

A

saturated

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7
Q

One double bond

A

mono-unsaturated

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8
Q

more than one double bond

A

poly unsaturated

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9
Q

most abundant SATURATED fatty acid

A

Palmitic acid and Stearic acid

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10
Q

most abundant UNSATURATED fatty acids

A

Oleic acid & linoleic acid

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11
Q

symbolized by a shorthand notation that designates the length of the C chain and the number, position and configuration of the double bonds

A

Fatty Acid

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12
Q

Properties of Fatty Acid

A

SATURATED FATTY ACID
-high melting point
- solid at room tempt (fats)

UNSATURATED FATTY ACID
-low melting point
-liquid at room tempt (oil)

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13
Q

Main storage form of fatty acids particularly in animals

A

Triacylglycerol (Triglycerides or neutral fats)

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14
Q

Esters of glycerol and fatty acid

A

Triacylglycerol

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15
Q

Converts double bonds to single, saturated bond by the addition of hydrogen.

A

Hydrogenation

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16
Q

Splitting of triglycerides by water in the presence of strong acids or digestive called lipase

A

Hydrolysis

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17
Q

Reaction of fat with a strong base

A

Saponification

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18
Q

A fat/oil becomes rancid when its double bonds are oxidized by oxygen and microorganisms

A

Oxidation

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19
Q

Classification of lipids

A

-Simple lipids
-Compound lipids
-Steroids
-miscellaneous lipids

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20
Q

most prevalent form of lipids

A

Fats & oils

21
Q

Simple lipids

A

-fats & oils
-waxes

22
Q

solid esters of higher fatty acids with long chain monohydric fatty alcohols.
- soft and pliable when warm but hard when cold.

A

waxes

23
Q

Compound lipids

A

-Phospholipids
-glycolipids

24
Q

Most abundant lipids in cell membranes, where the play an important in cellular permeability.

A

Phospholipids

25
Q

Types of phosphoglycerides that abundant in brain and nerve tissue

A

Lecithins and cephalins

26
Q
  • Can be regarded as derivatives of phosphatidic acid
A

Glycerophospholipid

27
Q
  • Group of phospholipids that are abundant in brain and nerve tissues.
A

Sphingolipid

28
Q

carbohydrate bounded to an alcohol group of a lipid by a glycosidic bond

A

Glycolipids

29
Q

two most important classes that found mainly in cell membranes of nerve and brain tissue

A

Cerebrosides and gangliosides

30
Q

Steroids

A

consist of fused-ring

31
Q

comes from the Latin word ____ meaning solid

A

stereos

32
Q

example of steroids

A

-cholesterol
-bile salts
-ergosterol
-adrenal cortex hormones
-sex hormones

33
Q

most abundant steroid in the body

A

cholesterol

34
Q

aids in the digestion of fats

A

bile salts

35
Q

a yeast steroid, which is converted to vitamin D by ultraviolet radiation

A

ergosterol

36
Q

involved in metabolism

A

involved in metabolism

37
Q

controls sexual characteristics and reprduction

A

sex hormones

38
Q

characteristics of sex hormones

A

-androgen
-estrogen
-progestin

39
Q

responsible for the development of male secondary characteristics during puberty.

A

androgen

40
Q

responsible for he development of female secondary sex characteristics and regulation of menstrual cycle

A

estrogen

41
Q

most important female sex hormones synthesized in the ovaries from testosterone.

A

Estrone and estradiol

42
Q

another kind of sex hormones essential for preparing the uterus for implantation

A

Progestin

43
Q

most important male sex hormones. Both are synthesized in the testes

A

Testosterone and androsterone

44
Q

Naturally occurring steroids

A

-progestogen
-cholesterol
-cholic acid
-testosterone
-estradiol

45
Q

Lipids found in the oils of some plants and flowers that give them their characteristics odors and colors.

A

Terpenes

46
Q

fat soluble vitamins which are derived from terpenes.

A

Vitamin A, E and K

47
Q

Thin, semi-permeable cellular barriers

A

BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES

48
Q

Is composed of two adjoining layers of lipid molecules aligned so that their hydrophobic portions form the bilayer interior while the hydrophilic portions form the bilayer exterior

A

Lipid bilayer

Long Exam (Biochem) (2 decks)

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