lipids Flashcards
Give 2 lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
How are Triglycerides formed?
condensation of
1 glycerol molecule
3 fatty acids
What type of bonds are formed by condensation polymerisation in lipids
Ester bonds
What is the difference between fats and oils?
Fats = Solid at room temp
Oils = Liquid at room temp
What is the function of Triglycerides?
energy storage
Give 2 ways the structure of a Triglyceride relates to its properties
Insoluble in water 》 no effect on water potential of cell (no osmotic effect)
High ratio of C-H bonds : C atoms 》 release more energy than the same mass of carbohydrates
How are Phospholipids formed?
condensation of
1 glycerol molecule
2 fatty acids
1 phosphate group
What is the Function of Phospholipids?
Form a bilayer in cell membrane, allowing the diffusion of non-polar/small molecules
Give 2 ways the structure of a Phospholipid relates to its properties
Phosphate heads are hydrophilic (polar) and so are attracted to water 》 they orient to the aqueous environment either side of the membrane, allowing the diffusion of small/non-polar molecules
Fatty acid tails are hydrophobic (non-polar) so are repelled by water 》they orient to interior of membrane, repelling polar/charged molecules
What is a saturated fatty acid? [3]
- No C=C double bonds in hydrocarbon chain
- making straight chains that may be tightly packed
- solid at room temp (fats)
What is an unsaturated fatty acid? [3]
- One or more C=C double bonds in hydrocarbon chain
- meaning there are kinks in the chains and they can be less tightly packed
- liquid at room temp (oils)
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?
one C=C double bond
What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
multiple C=C double bonds
