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bio topic 1 > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define a Monosaccharide

A

Single monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

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2
Q

Define a Disaccharide

A

Formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides

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3
Q

Define a Polysaccharide

A

Formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

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4
Q

Which carbohydrates are simple sugars/carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides & Disaccharides

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of Monosaccharides

A

Glucose

Fructose

Galactose

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6
Q

Give 3 examples of Disaccharides and the monosaccharide combinations that make them

A

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose

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7
Q

What type of bonds are formed by condensation polymerisation in carbohydrates?

A

Glycosidic bonds

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8
Q

Define an Isomer [2]

A
  • Has the same molecular formula
  • With differently arranged atoms
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9
Q

What are the two isomers of glucose?

A

a-glucose

ß-glucose

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10
Q

Draw a-glucose

A

H O H
HO OH

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11
Q

Draw ß-glucose

A

H O OH
OH H

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12
Q

Give 3 examples of Polysaccharides

A

Glycogen

Starch

Cellulose

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13
Q

What is the structure of Glycogen? [3]

A
  • polysaccharide of a-glucose
  • C1-C4 & C1-C6 glycosidic bonds
  • branched
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14
Q

What is the Function of Glycogen?

A

Used as an energy store in Animal Cells

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15
Q

Give 3 ways the structure of Glycogen is related to its function

A

Branched 》Can be rapidly hydrolysed to release glucose for respiration to provide energy

Large molecule 》Can’t leave cell

Insoluble in water 》Water potential of cell not affected (no osmotic effect)

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16
Q

What is the Structure of Starch?

A
  • polysaccharide of a-glucose
  • Mixture of amylose and amylopectin
17
Q

Describe amylose [2]

A
  • Made of C1-C4 glycosidic bonds
  • Is unbranched but coils
18
Q

Describe amylopectin [2]

A
  • Made of both C1-C4 and C1-C6 glycosidic bonds
  • Causing branching
19
Q

What is the Function of Starch?

A

Used as an energy store in Plant Cells

20
Q

Give 3 ways the structure of starch is related to its function (amylose)

A

Helical 》Compact for storage in cell

Large molecule 》Can’t leave cell

Insoluble in water 》Water potential of cell not affected (no osmotic effect)

21
Q

What is the Structure of Cellulose?

A

Made of ß-glucose

22
Q

Describe the Function Cellulose?

A

Provides Strength & Structural Support to plant cell walls

23
Q

Give 3 ways the structure of Cellulose is related to its function

A

Every other ß-glucose molecule is inverted in a long, straight, unbranched chain 》making it easier for them to associate with other cellulose chains

Many hydrogen bonds link parallel strands, called crosslinks, to form micro fibrils 》Providing Strength

H bonds are in high numbers 》Providing Strength

bio topic 1 (10 decks)

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