Lipids Flashcards
What are the 4 different kinds of lipids?
Triglycerides (structural fats), phospholipids (make up cell membranes), steroids (hormones send messages in cell), and waxes (ear wax).
What is the function of triglycerides?
Cushioning and protecting internal organs, insulation, and long-term storage of fat.
What is Adipose tissue?
Adipose tissue, also known as body fat, is a connective tissue that extended throughout your body.
Why is fat a long-term storage of energy?
Once fat is formed it is difficult to reduce. Lipids have a more extensive carbon-hydrogen bond structure which stores more energy than carbon-oxygen-hydrogen bonds found in carbohydrates.
What is the structure of triglycerides?
Two different molecules (glycerol and 3 fatty acids) are connected to form a triglyceride. the length and bonding of fatty acids can create diversity in fats.
What are Saturated Fats?
Saturated fats are considered unhealthy. Saturated fats are from animals, will be solid at room temperature, and contribute to cardiovascular disease by raising LDL cholesterol in your blood.
What are unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats are considered to be more healthy. Unsaturated fats are from plants, vegetables, and fish fats. They are liquid at room temperature. They can improve heart health by improving levels of HDL cholesterol.
What is the structure of unsaturated and saturated fats?
Saturated fats have hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds (all excess carbon are bonded to hydrogen). Unsaturated fats have one or more double bond carbon bond.
Bend= unsaturated fats
No bend=saturated fats
What are the two forms of unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats come in a ‘cis’ form and a ‘trans’ form. If the hydrogen is on the same side of the double-bonded carbon it is cis. If the hydrogen is on opposite sides of the double-bonded carbon it is trans.
What is bad about trans unsaturated fats?
Trans fats are processed fats. They have been hydrogenated. Hydrogen has been added to make the oil a more solid fat.
What is the bond between triglycerides called?
The bond between triglycerides is called ester bonds. The ester bond is a covalent bond that links fatty acids to other groups.
What is the function of phospholipids?
Phospholipids lipids are lipids that make up the cell membrane. Cell membranes are composed of double-layered phospholipids.
What is the structure of phospholipids?
A phospholipids consists of a glycerol bonded to two fatty acids and a phosphate group. A fatty acid is replaced in a triglyceride by a phosphate group.
Phosphate groups are hydrophilic (water-loving)
They have hydrophilic heads (contains the phosphate group)
They have hydrophobic tails (contains two fatty acids that do not dissolve in water)
What is a common trait of all four lipids? What are they all made of?
All four of these lipids are hydrophobic or insoluble (will not dissolve in water) and contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is cholesterol? How is it transported?
Cholesterol is a steroid and doesn’t dissolve in water because it is a lipid. Lipids and proteins combine because proteins are soluble. This enables lipids to be transported through your blood.
