Lipids Flashcards
Why are lipids important?
-Important constituent of the cell membranes
-Helps in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
-Maintains membrane fluidity
-Acts as a thermal insulator and cellular metabolic regulator
-Hormone synthesis
-Organ padding
-Transporters
Fatty Acids
-Saturation (one double bond)
-Trans vs cis
-Dietary effects of trans fats
-Synthesis in the body
-Essential fatty acids
-Polyunsaturated (three double bonds)
-Beneficial omega-3
which essential fatty acids are found in plants?
Linoleic and linolenic acids
Triglycerides
three fatty acid molecules noted by R
Saturated triglycerides includes
-No bends in structure, pack tightly
-Solid at RT
-animal sources
unsaturated triglycerides includes
-Oil at RT
-Plant sources
What are Phospholipds?
-Hydrophilic phospholipid head groups
-amphipathic lipid molecules
-Synthesized in all organs
Define lipid associated terminology
Differentiate among structural characteristics of lipids
Explain the usefulness of prostaglandins
Explain and compare the lipoproteins using the difference in lipid and protein composition
Discuss lipid metabolism
Explain the lipid pathways; include cell and tissue location
For the following pre-analytical variations, recognize and explain the effects of each on serum lipid levels
-Intra-individual variation
-variation due to age, gender, and race
-lifestyle/behavior variations
Discuss lipid metabolism in the “fed state” and the “fasting state”
Describe the most likely cause, clinical significance, and lipid levels associated with hereditary hypolipidemias
Explain the cause and/or effect of disorders associated with lipid imbalances
State the principle of the chemical reaction, sample types required, reference interval, most common interfering substances/source of error, and the usefulness
-Cholesterol methods
-Triglycerides
-LDL methods
-Explain the calculations for LDL
-HDL methods
Explain the usefulness of apolipoprotein measurements
Explain the usefulness of patient preparation and the procedure for a fecal fat analysis; include normal and diagnostic levels
Explain recommended patient preparation protocol, specimen requirements, and abnormal serum appearance when collecting or handling specimens for lipid analysis
