Lipids Flashcards
what is lipogenesis
storing FA as triglycerides in liver and adipose tissue
What role do triglycerides do in the liver
make lipoproteins
what are lipoproteins
cholesterol
phospholipids
proteins
triglycerides
what is lipolysis + rxn that does it
breakdown of stored triglycerides to release free FA and glycerol vis hydrolysis
what are dietary fats
FA packaged into chylomirons for transport to tissues
what are the 3 steps of lipolysis
- TAG –> DAG + ffa
- DAG –> MAG + ffa
- MAG –> glycerol + ffa
what enzyme turns TAG –> DAG
adipose triglyceride lipase
what enzyme turns DAG –> MAG
hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
what enzyme turns MAG –> glycerol + ffa
monoglyceride lipase
what hormones regulate HSL
glucagon
insulin
epinephrine
what activates HSL
glucagon and epinephrine
what inactivates HSL
insulin
what is beta oxidation
process of breaking down ffa into energy
step 1 of beta oxidation
FA activation = 2 ATP worth of energy
requires 2 hydrolysis rxns
ATP–> AMP + PPi
PPi –> Pi + Pi
where does step 1 of beta oxidation occur
cytosol
how do fatty acyl CoA get into the mitochondria
carnitine transport system
How to you find the number of acetyl CoA’s
divide # of Carbons by 2
how do you determine the number of cycles of beta oxidation
acetyl CoA # - 1 = # of cycles
what does # of cycles also show
of NADH and FADH2
each acetyl CoA through CAC makes how much ATP (inld net)
12 ATP
(10 ATP net as 2 for FA activation)
What is the cause of MCAD deficiency
low oxaloacetate so less GNG = low acetyl CoA levels
