Lipids

Question 1

What regulates the Triacylglycerol lipase?

Answer 1

1. Glucagon
   2.Adrenaline
2. Noradrenaline
3. Insulin

Question 2

What is the process of the mobilisation of triglycerides?

Answer 2

1.Low Blood sugar- Insulin and Asympathic NS stimulates Adrenal medulla to release Norepinephrine

2.Hormone binds to g coupled receptor and the GTP making the Gs stimulated leading to stimulating the adenylatecyclase enzyme which leads to ATP–> cAMP—> PKA

3. The PKa phosphorylates the perilipin and it deattaches the ECG from it so the ECG does to the A.T.G.L and stimulates it to cute the ester bond of the FA of the triglyceride (Leading 1. FFA)
4. The Hormone sensitive lipase is also phosphorylated which cuts the second FA (Leading to 2nd FFA)
5. The M.G.L (Monoglyceride lipase) is phosphorylated too so it cuts the 3rd and last FA and the glycerol (Leading to FFA and glycerol)
6. The Glycerol is enter the blood and go to the liver for glucogenesis to make glucose for the low blood sugar levels , the FFA enter the blood and bind to albumin which goes through the blood to the Liver or muscle for use of ATP

Question 3

What is the process fatty acid oxidation?

Answer 3

1.FFA enters the cytosol , the reaction needs energy so Fatty acid CoA synthase stimulates coA is added make ADP & Pi

2. The FFA needs to enter the matrix so the CoA is removed and the Carnitine acetyl transferase Type 1 adds carnitine so it go through the channel

3.Once in the matrix the reaction can’t happen so the carnitine acetyl transferase type 2 removes the carnitine outside and adds the CoA on the reaction ( goes from FACoA-> Fatty acetyl carnitine –>FACoA again)

4.Aceyl CoA Dehydrogenase coverts FAD to FADH so the reaction becomes trans delta enoylase CoA

5.H20 is added to break the double bond between the c= c atoms the enoylase hydrate

6. Beta - hydroxy acetyl coa is made and the NAD- NADH picks up the hydrogens
7. Thiolase adds CoA- SH back onto the reaction and it happens again

Question 4

Where are fatty acid found ?

Answer 4

In the heart, skeletal muscle and the liver

Question 5

What is the names of 3,2 and 1 glycerides structure?

Answer 5

3- Triglyceride
2-Diacetylglycerol
1-Monoglyceride

Question 6

Where does the mobilisation of triglycerides happen?

Answer 6

In the adipocytes (Fat cells)