Lipids

Question 1

Fat composed of

Answer 1

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 2

Role of fats in the body

Answer 2

• Essential for life
• Functional and structural integrity of a cell membrane
• Insulation
• Large energy source

Question 3

Fatty acids

Answer 3

4-24 carbons long, with the 18 carbon ones being the most common in foods

Question 4

Short chain fats

Answer 4

Fewer than 6 carbons

Question 5

Medium chain fats

Answer 5

6-12/14 carbons

Question 6

Long chain fats

Answer 6

14-24 carbons

Question 7

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 7

Molecule is fully loaded with hydrogen atoms

Question 8

Monounsaturated fatty acid ratio (C:double bonds)

Answer 8

16:1

Question 9

Polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (C:double bonds)

Answer 9

16:2

Question 10

Location of the double bond

Answer 10

Unsaturated fatty acids are identified by the position of the double bond closest to the methyl group —> omega group

Question 11

Triglycerides description

Answer 11

1 glycerol + 3 attached fatty acids

Question 12

Role of triglycerides

Answer 12

• Provides energy
• Insulator
• Spare protein

Question 13

Phospholipids

Answer 13

Found naturally or added to foods; a component of cell membranes

Question 14

Sterols

Answer 14

• Found naturally in foods
• 4 ring structure
• Structural role membranes

Question 15

3 ways manufacturers can protect fat containing products against rancidity

Answer 15

1. Sealed airtight and refrigerated
2. Add antioxidants
3. Hydrogenation

Question 16

Hydrogenation of fats

Answer 16

Manufacturers add hydrogen molecules to products

Question 17

2 advantages of the hydrogenation of fats

Answer 17

• Prolong shelf life
• Alters texture of food

Question 18

Trans fatty acids

Answer 18

• Molecules remain unsaturated after processing
• Milk and butter

Question 19

Sources of trans fats

Answer 19

• Margarine
• Cakes
• Meat
• Dairy products
• Penut butter

Question 20

Essential fatty acids

Answer 20

• Must be supplied by the diet
• Main structural parts of cell membranes

Question 21

An example of an omega-6 fatty acid

Answer 21

Linoleic acid

Question 22

An example of an omega-3 fatty acid

Answer 22

α-Linolenic acid

Question 23

Linoleic acid

Answer 23

• Omega-6
• Cannot be made by the body
• Vegetable oils and meats

Question 24

α-Linolenic acid

Answer 24

• Omega-3 fatty acid
• 18 carbon acid
• Cannot be made by the body
• Normal brain development
• Prevent diseases

Question 25

Deficiencies of essential fatty acids (EFA) can lead to

Answer 25

• Poor growth
• Cognitive development
• Reproductive failure
• Skin lesions
• Kidney and liver failure

Question 26

What are the 4 types of lipoproteins

Answer 26

• Chylomicrons
• VLDL
• LDL
• HDL

Question 27

Chylomicrons

Answer 27

Transport mainly dietary triglyceride to cells

Question 28

Very low density lipoprotein

Answer 28

Transports mainly triglycerides made from the liver to the cells

Question 29

LDL

Answer 29

Transports cholesterol to cells

Question 30

HDL

Answer 30

Transports cholesterol from cells back to the liver

Question 31

N-3 (Omega-3)

Answer 31

• RI = 0.2%
• Oily fish, yoghurts, spreads

Question 32

Saturated fat

Answer 32

• Risk factor for CVD
• Increases LDL

Question 33

Trans fats

Answer 33

• Processed foods
• Margarines, cakes, milk, red meat
• DRV = less than 2%
• Increase risk of CHD