Lipids Flashcards
What are lipids?
Heterogeneous compounds that are not readily soluble in water or polar solvents but are readily soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, hydrocarbons, etc.
Most common Lipids in nature?
Fatty acids linked by ester bonds to glycerol or other alcohol such as cholesterol
Lipids have the same solubility property?
T/F
T
How are lipids classified?
Into three groups based on the number and types of components present in the lipid.
What are the classes of lipids?
Primary lipids
Derived lipids
Compound lipids
What are simple lipids?
They are the simplest form of lipids and the esters of fatty acids with various types of alcohols.
What products do simple lipids yield when hydrolyzed?
Two products:
Alcohol or glycerol & fatty acids
Why are fats solid at room temperature?
Due to the presence of saturated fatty acids (no double bond).
What are sphingophospholipids made up of?
Sphingosine, fatty acids, phosphoric acid & choline.
What are complex/compound lipids?
These are lipids that yield 3 or more products upon hydrolysis. They contain other amphipathic compounds together with the fatty acids and alcohol present in simple lipids.
Why are oils liquid at room temperature?
Die to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids.
Where is fat stored in animals?
White adipose tissue or fatty tissue
Why are wax solid at room temperature?
Due to presence of saturated fatty acids and high molecular weight monohydric alcohol.
Examples of complex/compound lipids
Phospholipid
Glycolipids
Lipoprotein
Sphingolipid
Sulpholipid
What are derived lipids?
These are lipids derived from the hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids.
Examples of derived lipids
Fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, sterol
The most common fatty acids in humans
Stearic acid (C18) palmitic acid (C16) myristic acid (C14)
Examples of simple lipids
Fat, oil, wax
Define wax
Wax is a simple lipid that is solid at room temperature due to the presence of saturated fatty acid chain and a high molecular weight monohydric alcohol.
Double bonds in PUFA are usually separated by?
Methylene group (CH2)
PUFA are FA obtained from?
Plant seeds
Which of the PUFA is omega 6 and why?
Linoleic acid. Because its last double bond is on carbon 6 counting from the omega (methyl) end of the FA chain.
What is the code name for oleic acid?
18:1;9
What is the code name for linolenic acid?
18:3;9,12,15
Examples of MUFA
Palmetoleic acid
Oleic acid
Symptoms of EFA deficiency
Dermatitis & hair loss
Depression
Infertility
Growth retardation
Poor wound healing
Kidney & liver disease
The most noticeable deficiency of EFA is?
Skin disorders such as scaly dermatitis
What is the code for omega 6 fatty acid
18:2;9,12
What are eicosanoids
Eicosanoids are a complex family of bioactive lipid messengers, generated by oxygenation of 20C PUFA, primarily arachidonic acid.
Classes of eicosanoids
Prostanoids (ring structure)
Linear eicosanoids
Examples of eicosanoids with ring structure
Prostaglandin
Prostacyclin
Thrombaxanes
Examples of linear eicosanoids
Leukotrienes
Lipoxins
Hydroxyl eicosatetraenoid acid (HETE)
What do prostaglandins do in the human body
Help regulate physiological functions like blood pressure, contraction of uterus, inflammatory signals.
Code name for arachidonic acid
C20: 4; 5, 8, 11, 14
