Lipids (1) Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you test for lipids?

A

1) dissolve solid samples in ethanol
2) add equal volume of water and shake
3) positive result = milky white emulsion forms

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2
Q

How are triglycerides formed?

A

condensation reaction between 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids forms an ester bond

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3
Q

What are 4 differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

A

1) S contain only single bonds, US contain double carbon bonds
2) S straight-chain molecules have many contact points, US ‘kinked’ molecules have fewer contact points
3) S higher melting point = solid at room temperature, US lower melting point = liquid at room temperature
4) S found in animal fats, US found in plant oils

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4
Q

What are the 4 structures of triglycerides related to their functions?

A

1) high energy : mass ratio = energy storage
2) insoluble hydrocarbon chain = no effect on water potential of cells + used for waterproofing
3) slow conductor of heat = thermal insulation
4) less dense than water = buoyancy of aquatic animals

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5
Q

What are the 2 functions of phospholipids?

A
  • forms phospholipid bilayer in water = component of membranes
  • tails can spray outwards = waterproofing
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6
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids?

A

Have a glycerol backbone attached to 2 hydrophobic fatty acids tails and 1 hydrophilic polar phosphate head

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7
Q

What are 4 similarities of phospholipids and triglycerides?

A

1) glycerol backbone
2) may be attached to a mixture of saturated, monosaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
3) contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
4) formed by condensation reactions

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8
Q

What are 3 differences between phospholipids and triglycerides?

A

1) P = 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group attached, T = 3 fatty acids attached
2) P = hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, T = entire molecule is hydrophobic
3) P = used primarily in membrane formation, T = used primarily as a storage molecule

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9
Q

What are triglycerides and phospholipids not, and why?

A

not polymers because they are not made from a small, repeating unit

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10
Q

What are triglycerides and phospholipids?

A

macromolecules ( + lipids)

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