Genetic diversity and adaptation (9) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is a population?

A

all the organisms of a particular species that live in the same place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meant by genetic diversity?

A

total number of different alleles in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the advantage of having a high genetic diversity?

A

ability to adapt to a change in environment which allows natural selection to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of selection?

A

directional
stabilising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is directional selection?

A

when individuals with phenotypes suited to new conditions will survive and pass on genes, overtime the mean of the population will move towards these characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does directional selection occur?

A

when environmental conditions change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an example of directional selection?

A

bacteria with antibiotic resistance mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is stabilising selection?

A

when individuals closest to the mean are favoured, resulting in low diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does stabilising selection occur?

A

when environmental conditions stay the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of stabilising selection?

A

birth weight - babies around 3kg are more likely to survive than those at lower or higher weights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a niche?

A

role of a species within its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens if 2 species in the same environment share a niche?

A

they will be competing with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 steps in how natural selection results in the development of new characteristics?

A

1) random mutation results in new alleles
2) some alleles provide advantages, making individual more likely to survive and reproduce
3) their offspring receive new allele and frequency of allele continues to increase over many generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 3 types of adapation?

A

anatomical
physiological
behavioural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an anatomical adaptation?

A

change to body structure e.g. oily fur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a physiological adaptation?

A

change to bodily process e.g. venom production

17
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

change to actions e.g. hibernation