Lipid Structure and Function Flashcards
Amphipatic Molecule
molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions
ie. lipids
When placed in aqueous solutions, lipids form structures that all the ______ regions to group internally while the _______ regions interact with water.
hydrophobic
hydrophillic
Phospholipids
phosphate and a alcohol containing a polar head group and hydrophobic fatty acid tail connected via phosphodiester linkage
clasified according to backbone of the molecule
Glycerol
three carbon alcohol that forms:
phosphoglycerides
glycerophospholipids
NOT all sphingolipids are ________
phospholipids
______ and _____ determine how an overall molecule will behave.
Saturation and Length
Fully Saturated Fatty Acid
only single bonds, no pi bonds (double bonds)
have greater van der Waals Forces and stable overall structure meaning they are solids at room temp (think butter)
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
includes one or more double bonds which intrudce kinks making it hard to stack/solidify making them liquids at room temp (oils)
Phospholipids with _____ fatty acids are more fluid regions of the phospholipid bilayer.
unsaturated
Glycerophospholipids/Phosphoglycerides
phospholipids with a glycerol backbone bonded to two fatty acids via ESTER linkage and phosphodiester linkage to a polar head group
named according to head group (can be + neutral or - charged)
within each subtype, FA chain length and saturation can vary
Phosphatidylcholine
phosphoglyceride with a choline head group
Phosphatidylethanolamine
phosphoglyceride with a ethanolamine head group
Sphingolipids
ABO blood typing determined by cell surface antigens which are sphingolipids
sphingosine backbone with long chain non polar fatty acid tails and polar head groups
can be phospholipid if they contain a phosphodiester bond
others have glycosidic linkages to sugar instead of phosphodiester linkages
4 Classes:
- Ceramide
- Sphingomyelins
- Glycolipids
- Gangliosides
Glycolipid
any lipid linked to a sugar via glycosidic linkage
Ceramide
simplest sphingolipid
single H as its head group
Sphingomyelins
major class of sphingolipids that are also phospholipids
either have phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine as head groups meaning they have a phosphodiester bond
no net charge head groups
major component of cell membrane for cells producing myelin (Schawn and Oligodendrocytes)
Glycosphingolipids/Glycolipids
have head groups composed of sugars bonded by glycosidic linkages ; no net charge
no phosphodiester linkage so they aren;t phospholipids
on outer surface of the plasma membrane and can be further classified as cerebrosides or globosides
Cerebrosides
glycolipids with single sugar