Lipid Structure and Function Flashcards
Amphipathic
Contains both Hydrophillic (polar head outside molecule) and Hydrophobic regions (fatty acid tail inside molecule)
Phospholipid
Alcohol - Phosphate - Fatty Acid
HO - R - PO4 - R
Glycerophospholipids
Polar Head - Phosphate - Glycerol - Fatty Acid
**Named according to the polar head
Saturated Fatty Acid
All single bonds; more stable overall and generally solid and room temperature
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
One or more double bonds; less stable and liquid at room temp.
Sphingolipids
Conatin a sphingosine like backbone and a phosphodiester bond
Glycolipid
Contain glycosidic linkages
Glycosphingolipids
Cerebosides: Single sugar
Globosides : 2 or more sugars
Gangliosides
Most complex structures with oligosaccharides and NANA
Waxes
Pliable solids at room temp
Fatty Acid - Ester - Alcohol
R-(O)C- O - C - R - OH
Terpenes
Build from Isoprene (C5H8) moities; Precursors to steroids and other signaling molecules
Carotenoids
Tetraterpenes (8 Isoprene (C5H8) molecules like Beta Carotene
Terpenoids
Derivatives of terpenes that have undergone oxygenation or rearrangement of the carbon skeleton
Steroids
Contain a 17 Carbon backbone: 3 CycloHexane and 1 Cyclopentane (nonpolar)
Functionality is determined by the oxidation status of the rings and their functional gorups
Steroid Hormones
Biological signals that regulate gene expression and metabolism