Lipid Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Amphipathic

A

Contains both Hydrophillic (polar head outside molecule) and Hydrophobic regions (fatty acid tail inside molecule)

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2
Q

Phospholipid

A

Alcohol - Phosphate - Fatty Acid

HO - R - PO4 - R

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3
Q

Glycerophospholipids

A

Polar Head - Phosphate - Glycerol - Fatty Acid

**Named according to the polar head

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4
Q

Saturated Fatty Acid

A

All single bonds; more stable overall and generally solid and room temperature

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5
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

One or more double bonds; less stable and liquid at room temp.

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6
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Conatin a sphingosine like backbone and a phosphodiester bond

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7
Q

Glycolipid

A

Contain glycosidic linkages

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8
Q

Glycosphingolipids

A

Cerebosides: Single sugar

Globosides : 2 or more sugars

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9
Q

Gangliosides

A

Most complex structures with oligosaccharides and NANA

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10
Q

Waxes

A

Pliable solids at room temp
Fatty Acid - Ester - Alcohol
R-(O)C- O - C - R - OH

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11
Q

Terpenes

A

Build from Isoprene (C5H8) moities; Precursors to steroids and other signaling molecules

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12
Q

Carotenoids

A

Tetraterpenes (8 Isoprene (C5H8) molecules like Beta Carotene

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13
Q

Terpenoids

A

Derivatives of terpenes that have undergone oxygenation or rearrangement of the carbon skeleton

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14
Q

Steroids

A

Contain a 17 Carbon backbone: 3 CycloHexane and 1 Cyclopentane (nonpolar)
Functionality is determined by the oxidation status of the rings and their functional gorups

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15
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Biological signals that regulate gene expression and metabolism

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16
Q

Cholesterol

A

Mediates membrane fluidity - this is the major component of the phospholipid bilayer

17
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Hormones that regulate synthesis of cAMP

Has powerful effects on muscle function, temperature and sleep and wake cycles

18
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A
  • Vitamin A (carotene)
  • Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
  • Vitamin E (Tocotrienols)
  • Vitamin K1 and K2
19
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

Vision, Growth, Development and Immune Function

20
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

Bone Production; Calcium and Phosphate uptake

21
Q

Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant prevents oxidative damage

22
Q

Vitamin K1 and K2

A

Posttranslational modifications creates Calcium binding sites and forms prothrombin (clot)

23
Q

Triacylglycerols

A

Lipids whose oxidation yields 2x he energy as carbs

Hydrophobic (less weight) and insulate (retain heat)

24
Q

Adipocytes

A

Store large amounts of fat (found under the skin)

25
Q

Free Fatty Acids

A

Unesterified with a free carboxylate group

26
Q

Saponification

A

Triacylglycerol + 3NaOH —> Glycerol + 3 Soap (Na+ -O-C(O)R)

27
Q

Surfactant

A

Lowers the surface tension at the surface of a liquid like a detergent or emulsifier

28
Q

Soap

A

Forms a colloid (when 2 phases combine into a single phase because the micelles formed allow for overall solvation)