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Lipids, membranes and transport > lipid Structure > Flashcards

lipid Structure Flashcards

1
Q

what elements do lipids contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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2
Q

give two examples of lipids

A

fats and oils

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3
Q

what state are fats at room temperature?

A

solid

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4
Q

what state are oils at room temperature?

A

liquid

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5
Q

Describe the properties of lipids

A
  • large
  • varied group of non-polar molecules
  • insoluble in water
  • dissolve easily in organic substances
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6
Q

what are triglycerides mainly made up of ?

A
  • 3 fatty acids

- 1 glycerol molecule

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7
Q

what is meant by the term saturated ?

A

no double bonds between the carbon atoms

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8
Q

what is meant by the term unsaturated ?

A

one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

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9
Q

what is glycerol made up off?

A

-3 hydroxyl groups

each of which can combine with a fatty acid to form a triglyceride

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10
Q

what type of reaction is the formation of a triglyceride?

A

condensation

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11
Q

what are the bonds between the -OH groups of the glycerol and -COOH of the fatty acids called?

A

ester bonds

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12
Q

what are fatty acids made up of?

A
  • a carboxylic acid group -COOH

- a long hydrocarbon chain of varying length

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13
Q

what are ester bonds?

A

strong covalent bonds

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14
Q

where do ester bonds form?

A

between the -OH groups of the glycerol and -COOH of the fatty acid

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15
Q

why are triglycerides not classed as polymers ?

A
  • they are not a chain of repeating units

- they are made of two different types of molecule

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16
Q

how are triglycerides broken down ?

A

hydrolysis

17
Q

give examples of the roles of triglycerides

A
  • insulation
  • energy
  • protection
18
Q

Why are triglycerides an excellent source of energy?

A

they have a high ration of energy storing carbon-hydrogen bonds to carbon atoms

19
Q

why are triglycerides good for storage?

A

the have a low mass to energy ratio

20
Q

why do triglycerides have no osmotic effects and do not effect the water potential in cells?

A

They are large, non polar molecules and insoluble in water

21
Q

what are phospholipids composed of?

A
  • A polar hydrophylic head

- a non polar hydrophobic tail

22
Q

what is a phospholipid?

A

a lipids in which one of which has been substituted for a phosphate group

23
Q

what is the hydrophylic head made of?

A

glycerol and phosphate

24
Q

what is the hydrophobic tail made of?

A

fatty acids

25
Q

what does hydrophobic mean?

A

repels water

26
Q

what does hydrophylic mean?

A

attracts water

27
Q

what is the test for lipids called ?

A

the emulsion test

28
Q

explain how to conduct the test for lipids

A
  • add ethanol to a sample
  • shake to dissolve any lipid in the sample
  • add water and shake gently
  • if a lipid id present a milk white colour will appear

Lipids, membranes and transport (3 decks)

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