Lipid Physio & Lipid Disorders Flashcards
What are lipid molecules made of?
fats and oil
What is cholesterol’s imp?
- back bone for steroids
- precursor for synthesis for Vita D
- necessary for digestion of fats
- imp for the metabolism and transport of fat soluble vitamins
How does diet affect cholesterol?
our LIVER is always making cholesterol despite what we eat, but our equilibrium is affected when we consume TOO MUCH cholesterol at once
What are the categories of cholesterol carriers?
- HDL (good)
- LDL (bad)
What are the LDL receptors?
increasing the LDL receptors on the TISSUE will DECREASE LDL that is floating around in the serum; DECREASING LDL tissue receptors will INCREASE the amount of LDL floating
How do statins work?
-DECREASE cholesterol synthesis (decrease HMG-CoA) and INCREASING removal of LDL lipoproteins from blood by increasing the transcriptase of LDL receptors (increase receptors = decrease of LDL in serum)
How does bile play a role?
the bile is reabsorbed in the large intestine –> gets through liver –> goes into bile –> reused via enterophepatic circulation
*hard to remove old cholesterol b/c it is being recycled
How does hereditary play a role?
diet can only help so much with cholesterol, in the end, the body is fighting with “set point” via hereditary
How is triglyceride derived?
1) from what we eat
2) left over cal in our body that we didn’t use: metabolic process will convert “excess” carbs and proteins to triglyceride –> stored in adimose)
* when we fast, our body breaks down triglycerides b/c there’s nothing else to break down - found in ADIPOSE TISSUE
Why is triglyceride important?
it is an energy source for all the cells (except nervous)
What does increased triglyceride mean?
- increase risk of atheroscelorsis
- pancreatitis and depression (alcoholics drink a lot b/c of depression –> cxing pancreatitis –> also see incr triglyceride b/c alcohol is empty carbs
- ASVCD (more imp in FEMALES than in males!)
What are lipoproteins?
- helps cholesterol and triglycerides become more soluble by attaching on to them
- absorb cholesterol, fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins –> transports them from liver to peripheral tissues –> for cholesterol: peripheral tissue to liver
What are the structures of lipoproteins?
- hydrophobic
- hydrophillic (apolipoproteins/apoproteins)
Classification of lipoproteins?
classified by density
1) chylomicrons: largest and least dense (less protein, more fat)
2) chylomicron remnants
3) VLDL (very low den. lipoprotein)
4) IDL (int low den. lipoprotein)
5) LDL (low den. lipoprotein)
6) HDL (high den. lipoprotein)
What happens if you have high LDL?
- HIGH LEVELS OF LDL = #1 RISK FACTOR FOR ASVCD
- chylomicrons - IDL are cleared out of body but LDL is small so that an INCR of small LDL can can INC or atheroscelrosis (size of LDL is not imp)
- Lpa (lipoprotein a): genetic variation of LDL –> incr risk of atheroscelorsis; usually genetic BUT other dz can cx it to rise ie) renal dz); if pt has “good” cholesterol profile but gets CAD - INVESTIGATE Lpa!
