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Chemistry > Lipid metabolism > Flashcards

Lipid metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

Is lipids high or low density source of energy?

A

high

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2
Q

are lipids water soluble?

A

NO

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3
Q

what quantitiy can fat be stored in the body?

A

larger quantities

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4
Q

fat needs to be ___ to be ___ as it is insoluble in water

A

transported, metabolized

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5
Q

During digestion, what are triglycerides hydrolyzed to?

A

glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides

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6
Q

what are chylomicrons?

A

lipoprotein aggregates

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7
Q

for transport within the aqueous environment of the lymph and blood, ____ are complexed with _____

A

lipids, proteins

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8
Q

where do chylomicrons pass into?

A

into the lymph system and then into the bloodstream

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9
Q

what contains in a chylomicron?

A

triglycerides, phosphoglycerides, and cholesterol

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10
Q

chylomicrons are modified by ___ into smaller lipoprotein particles

A

liver

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11
Q

what is the highest percent molecule in a chylomicron?

A

triglyceride

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12
Q

what is a low density lipoprotein (LDL) mostly made of?

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

highest amount of percent in a high density lipoprotein (HDL)?

A

protein

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14
Q

in a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), what is the highest amount?

A

triglyceride

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15
Q

what do we have to do to metabolize fat?

A

mobilize it

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16
Q

where does beta oxidation occur in?

A

mitochondria

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17
Q

when fatty acids are required for energy, the endocrine system is stimulated to produce what hormones?

A

epinephrine

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18
Q

what does epinephrine interact with?

A

adipose tissues

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19
Q

what does epinephrine interacting with adipose tissue stimulate?

A

hydrolysis

20
Q

how to get triglyceride and fatty acids to enter into bloodstream?

A

hydrolysis

21
Q

how can glycerol be converted to glucose?

A

through gluconeogenesis

22
Q

what is one of the intermediates of glycolysis?

A

DHP: dihydroxyacetone phosphate

23
Q

what is the first step in metabolism of fatty acids?

A

activation of fatty acids with CoA. (requires ATP)

24
Q

what is the second step in metabolism of fatty acids?

A

B-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA in the mitochondria

25
Q

how many carbons in a fatty acids?

A

10-20, always EVEN

26
Q

how many glucose molecules would be equivalent to the # of carbons in an 18 carbon fatty acid?

A

3

27
Q

how much ATP do we get from a glucose molecule?

A

32

28
Q

how much do we get from the same # of carbons glucose for ATP energy?

A

96

29
Q

18 carbons in a fatty acid gives us how much ATP?

A

120

30
Q

how many acetyl Coa does the last spiral that breaks the final four into how many acetyl CoA?

A

2 acetyl CoA

31
Q

if body is not very well balanced with carbohydrates, what will it be producing?

A

ketone bodies

32
Q

what are ketone bodies a bi-product of?

A

acetly CoA

33
Q

under what conditions does the balance between carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism is lost?

A

fasting or in diabetes mellitus

34
Q

when the concentration of acetyl CoA INCREASES, what is the excess converted into the liver?

A

three ketone bodies

35
Q

what are the three ketone bodies converted into the liver?

A

acetone, acetoacetate, 2-hydroxybutyric acid

36
Q

how can we meet the energy needs?

A

oxidation

37
Q

what is the elevated level of ketone bodies called?

A

ketonemia

38
Q

name the presence of ketone bodies in urine

A

ketonuria

39
Q

condition where acetone if detected in breath?

A

acetone breath

40
Q

condition where you have ketonemia, ketonuria, and acetone breath all together

A

ketosis

41
Q

condition of low blood pH due to elevated levels of ketone bodies

A

ketoacidosis

42
Q

can our body make fatty acid?

A

yes

43
Q

what happens when you have excess energy in body

A

body makes saturated fats.

44
Q

what does the fatty acid synthetase system produce?

A

fatty acids in the cytoplasm producing palmitic acid

45
Q

where does excess nutrients that are converted into fatty acids take place?

A

liver, adipose tissue, and mammary glands

46
Q

how many carbons do fatty acid chains build up during synthesis?

A

2 carbons

47
Q

how many carbons do fatty acid chains break down during B-oxidation?

A

2 carbons

Chemistry (10 decks)

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