Lipid metabolism Flashcards
Is lipids high or low density source of energy?
high
are lipids water soluble?
NO
what quantitiy can fat be stored in the body?
larger quantities
fat needs to be ___ to be ___ as it is insoluble in water
transported, metabolized
During digestion, what are triglycerides hydrolyzed to?
glycerol, fatty acids, and monoglycerides
what are chylomicrons?
lipoprotein aggregates
for transport within the aqueous environment of the lymph and blood, ____ are complexed with _____
lipids, proteins
where do chylomicrons pass into?
into the lymph system and then into the bloodstream
what contains in a chylomicron?
triglycerides, phosphoglycerides, and cholesterol
chylomicrons are modified by ___ into smaller lipoprotein particles
liver
what is the highest percent molecule in a chylomicron?
triglyceride
what is a low density lipoprotein (LDL) mostly made of?
cholesterol
highest amount of percent in a high density lipoprotein (HDL)?
protein
in a very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), what is the highest amount?
triglyceride
what do we have to do to metabolize fat?
mobilize it
where does beta oxidation occur in?
mitochondria
when fatty acids are required for energy, the endocrine system is stimulated to produce what hormones?
epinephrine
what does epinephrine interact with?
adipose tissues
what does epinephrine interacting with adipose tissue stimulate?
hydrolysis
how to get triglyceride and fatty acids to enter into bloodstream?
hydrolysis
how can glycerol be converted to glucose?
through gluconeogenesis
what is one of the intermediates of glycolysis?
DHP: dihydroxyacetone phosphate
what is the first step in metabolism of fatty acids?
activation of fatty acids with CoA. (requires ATP)
what is the second step in metabolism of fatty acids?
B-oxidation of fatty acyl-CoA in the mitochondria
how many carbons in a fatty acids?
10-20, always EVEN
how many glucose molecules would be equivalent to the # of carbons in an 18 carbon fatty acid?
3
how much ATP do we get from a glucose molecule?
32
how much do we get from the same # of carbons glucose for ATP energy?
96
18 carbons in a fatty acid gives us how much ATP?
120
how many acetyl Coa does the last spiral that breaks the final four into how many acetyl CoA?
2 acetyl CoA
if body is not very well balanced with carbohydrates, what will it be producing?
ketone bodies
what are ketone bodies a bi-product of?
acetly CoA
under what conditions does the balance between carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism is lost?
fasting or in diabetes mellitus
when the concentration of acetyl CoA INCREASES, what is the excess converted into the liver?
three ketone bodies
what are the three ketone bodies converted into the liver?
acetone, acetoacetate, 2-hydroxybutyric acid
how can we meet the energy needs?
oxidation
what is the elevated level of ketone bodies called?
ketonemia
name the presence of ketone bodies in urine
ketonuria
condition where acetone if detected in breath?
acetone breath
condition where you have ketonemia, ketonuria, and acetone breath all together
ketosis
condition of low blood pH due to elevated levels of ketone bodies
ketoacidosis
can our body make fatty acid?
yes
what happens when you have excess energy in body
body makes saturated fats.
what does the fatty acid synthetase system produce?
fatty acids in the cytoplasm producing palmitic acid
where does excess nutrients that are converted into fatty acids take place?
liver, adipose tissue, and mammary glands
how many carbons do fatty acid chains build up during synthesis?
2 carbons
how many carbons do fatty acid chains break down during B-oxidation?
2 carbons
