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Chemistry > body fluids > Flashcards

body fluids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three types of body fluids?

A

intracellular, interstitial, and blood plasma

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2
Q

where does intracellular reside?

A

inside the cells

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3
Q

where does interstitial fluid reside?

A

between the cells, not including the blood

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4
Q

what is the anion in intracellular fluid

A

hydrogen phosphate

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5
Q

what is the cation for intracellular fluid?

A

potassium K+

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6
Q

what is the anion for interstitial fluid?

A

chloride

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7
Q

what is the cation for interstitial fluid?

A

sodium

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8
Q

how to transfer oxygen

A

breathe in, gets attached to hemoglobin (in RBC), transferred out to the cells

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9
Q

how much oxygen does an adult need?

A

350 mL of oxygen per minute

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10
Q

how much oxygen is carried by RBC and what is it called

A

98%, oxyhemoglobin

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11
Q

what is nonoxygenated hemoglobin called?

A

deyoxyhemoglobin or hemoglobin

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12
Q

why can we transport SOME CO2?

A

majority has to occur due to Le Chatelier’s principle

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13
Q

how much total CO2 is in the body, carried from body tissues to the lungs? what is the form called?

A

25%, carbaminohemoglobin

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14
Q

what do we use to transfer CO2?

A

bicarbonate

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15
Q

where does the majority of CO2 (75%) that is exhaled to be formed through?

A

carbonic and hydrase enzyme

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16
Q

for CO2 to be exhaled, what is need for that to occur?

A

carbonic acid molecule

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17
Q

how is carbonic molecule created when CO2 is exhaled?

A

bicarbonate moves in through blood and H+ ion forms carbonic acid

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18
Q

what are the two ends of a capillary

A

venous and arterial

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19
Q

what is osmosis?

A

flow from low concentration to high concentration?

20
Q

what does our body do to overcome osmosis?

A

it applies a pressure
- overcoming osmotic pressure to flow out of the capillary and into the cell

21
Q

what acts as semipermeable membranes?

A

capillary membranes and cell walls

22
Q

urine is mostly water with ___

A

4% dissolved waste products

23
Q

what is a thirst mechanism?

A

when water intake is regulated

24
Q

what are the two ADH hormones that is involved in maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance?

A

vasopressin and aldosterone

25
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

concentrates urine, retain sodium, minimize fluid loss

26
Q

what happens when fluid levels are low?

A

thirst drives intake, vasopressin levels rise, and alodosterone is secreted

26
Q

what is the normal blood pH range?

A

7.35-7.45

27
Q

what is the death pH range?

A

below 6.8 and above 7.8

28
Q

what are the three systems that maintain pH within the desired range?

A

buffer, respiratory, urinary

29
Q

what happens when you take deep breaths?

A

lose CO2, body consumes carbonic acid

30
Q

what is the main buffer system?

A

bicarbonate buffer system

31
Q

what is urine’s buffer system?

A

hydrogen phosphate

32
Q

buffer for blood

A

carbonic acid

33
Q

what happens with lower blood pH, higher CO2 levels?

A

respiratory center is stimulated causing faster & deeper breathing

34
Q

if increased amount of CO2 is exhaled?

A

decreased blood CO2, increased blood pH

35
Q

more pH is

A

less acid

35
Q

what is increased blood pH?

A

alkalosis

35
Q

what causes alkalosis

A

big, deep heavy breathing
-hyperventilating

36
Q

what causes acidosis?

A

shallow, thin breathing (overdosing in narcs)
-hypoventilation

37
Q

with acidic blood, what decreases the urine pH and increases the blood pH to normal?

A

excretion of acid by the kidneys

38
Q

what does the developing urine pick up? what does it react with?

A

H+, reacts with the phosphate buffer

39
Q

what happens when blood pH is normal?

A

a state of acid-base balance exists

40
Q

the biggest piece of buffer

A

bicarbonate buffer

41
Q

what is metabolic acidosis?

A

when body produces something acidic (ex: lactic acid)

42
Q

what is metabolic alkalosis?

A

body as lost acid
- body congests something basic.

Chemistry (10 decks)

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