body fluids Flashcards
what are the three types of body fluids?
intracellular, interstitial, and blood plasma
where does intracellular reside?
inside the cells
where does interstitial fluid reside?
between the cells, not including the blood
what is the anion in intracellular fluid
hydrogen phosphate
what is the cation for intracellular fluid?
potassium K+
what is the anion for interstitial fluid?
chloride
what is the cation for interstitial fluid?
sodium
how to transfer oxygen
breathe in, gets attached to hemoglobin (in RBC), transferred out to the cells
how much oxygen does an adult need?
350 mL of oxygen per minute
how much oxygen is carried by RBC and what is it called
98%, oxyhemoglobin
what is nonoxygenated hemoglobin called?
deyoxyhemoglobin or hemoglobin
why can we transport SOME CO2?
majority has to occur due to Le Chatelier’s principle
how much total CO2 is in the body, carried from body tissues to the lungs? what is the form called?
25%, carbaminohemoglobin
what do we use to transfer CO2?
bicarbonate
where does the majority of CO2 (75%) that is exhaled to be formed through?
carbonic and hydrase enzyme
for CO2 to be exhaled, what is need for that to occur?
carbonic acid molecule
how is carbonic molecule created when CO2 is exhaled?
bicarbonate moves in through blood and H+ ion forms carbonic acid
what are the two ends of a capillary
venous and arterial
what is osmosis?
flow from low concentration to high concentration?
what does our body do to overcome osmosis?
it applies a pressure
- overcoming osmotic pressure to flow out of the capillary and into the cell
what acts as semipermeable membranes?
capillary membranes and cell walls
urine is mostly water with ___
4% dissolved waste products
what is a thirst mechanism?
when water intake is regulated
what are the two ADH hormones that is involved in maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance?
vasopressin and aldosterone
what does aldosterone do?
concentrates urine, retain sodium, minimize fluid loss
what happens when fluid levels are low?
thirst drives intake, vasopressin levels rise, and alodosterone is secreted
what is the normal blood pH range?
7.35-7.45
what is the death pH range?
below 6.8 and above 7.8
what are the three systems that maintain pH within the desired range?
buffer, respiratory, urinary
what happens when you take deep breaths?
lose CO2, body consumes carbonic acid
what is the main buffer system?
bicarbonate buffer system
what is urine’s buffer system?
hydrogen phosphate
buffer for blood
carbonic acid
what happens with lower blood pH, higher CO2 levels?
respiratory center is stimulated causing faster & deeper breathing
if increased amount of CO2 is exhaled?
decreased blood CO2, increased blood pH
more pH is
less acid
what is increased blood pH?
alkalosis
what causes alkalosis
big, deep heavy breathing
-hyperventilating
what causes acidosis?
shallow, thin breathing (overdosing in narcs)
-hypoventilation
with acidic blood, what decreases the urine pH and increases the blood pH to normal?
excretion of acid by the kidneys
what does the developing urine pick up? what does it react with?
H+, reacts with the phosphate buffer
what happens when blood pH is normal?
a state of acid-base balance exists
the biggest piece of buffer
bicarbonate buffer
what is metabolic acidosis?
when body produces something acidic (ex: lactic acid)
what is metabolic alkalosis?
body as lost acid
- body congests something basic.
