Lipid management for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD prevention of

Question 1

some essential biological functions of lipids

Answer 1

they are a precursor of vitamin D

Steroid hormone precursor

they are used in bile acid synthesis

is a plasma lipoprotein constituent

they aid with membrane fluidity

they insulate nerve fibres

Question 2

the main classifications of lipoproteins

Answer 2

HDL
LDL
IDL(intermediate density lipoprotein)
VLDL
chylomicron and chylomicron remnant

HDLs are the smallest, and the order follows on as listed

Question 3

out of the classifications of liproteins, which have the largest portions of the following molecules;
proteins
cholesterol
triglycerides

Answer 3

HDLs
LDLs
Chylomicrons

Question 4

what is a healthy cholesterol level

think anout HDL, LDL and total serum cholesterol levels

Answer 4

total serum cholesterol should be below 193mg/dL or 5.0mmol/L

LDL cholesterol should be below 116mg/dL or 3.0mmol

HDL cholesterol levels should be above 1.0mmol/L for a man or 1.2mmol/L for a woman/ above 39mg/dL for a man or 46mg/dL for a woman

Question 5

total cholesterol levels and HDL levels are very sensitive to fasting, true or false

Answer 5

false, they are not. therefore they can be used as screening method for CV risk

Question 6

which lipoprotein classes are recommended for testing while fasting

Answer 6

LDLs and triglycerides as they are more affected by fasting

Question 7

high levels of TG are associated with low levels of ??

Answer 7

triglycerides

Question 8

LDL function

Answer 8

LDL release cholesterol into the tissues, including the vessel walls.

Question 9

what does elevated serum LDL cholesterol indicate?

Answer 9

it is a predictor of
cardiovascular disease (CVD) events

Question 10

HDL function

Answer 10

HDL brings cholesterol back from the tissues(like blood vessels) to the liver

Question 11

what is low serum HDL levels(<1mmol/L) a strong predictor of

Answer 11

a strong predictor of
coronary heart disease (CHD)

Question 12

how does the size of LDLs affect the CHD risk it poses

Answer 12

smaller LDLs pose a lower CV risk than larger LDLs. this is because, Small LDL particles are more easily oxidized, making them more likely to trigger inflammation and plaque formation.

Question 13

Benecheck description

it is the device used commonly in SELFCheck total cholesterol

Answer 13

Benecheck is a brand of medical devices that can test blood glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, and more

watch the youtube video on how it works for lipid/ cholesterol testing. the link to the vid can be found on the slides

Question 14

some non-pharmacological ways to manage or control high cholesterol levels

Answer 14

Eating a heart-healthy diet

losing weight

regular exercise

quitting smoking