Lipid Lowering Drugs Flashcards
Which is bad cholesterol?
LDL
Along with LDL cholesterol, ___________ contribute to plaque build up as well.
Triglycerides
T/F: The immune system (inflammation) plays a role in atherosclerosis.
True
Total cholesterol should be kept below _____.
200
Total LDL should be kept below _______.
130
Total HDL should be kept above ______.
40
High levels of free fatty acids are thought to lead to ___________.
Insulin resistance
What is dyslipidemia?
A disorder of lipoprotein metabolism, including overproduction or deficiency.
Ex. Too much LDL, too little HDL
What are the five types of drugs used to treat dyslipidemia?
- Fibric acid
- Nicotinic acid
- Bile acid sequestrants
- Statins
- Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
What is the major net effect of fibric acid derivatives?
Reduce levels of triglycerides
Fibric acid derivatives are agonists of the __________.
PPAR-alpha receptor
Where are the actions of fibric acid derivatives taking place?
Activates PPAR-alpha and stimulates fatty acid catabolism in the LIVER
Expresses genes controlling beta-oxidation
T/F: Fibric acid derivatives have many negative side effects associated with the GI tract.
True
T/F: Both niacin and niacinamide are suitable to treat dyslipidemia.
False
Both suitable as vitamin B3
Only niacin (nicotinic acid) is suitable to treat dyslipidemia taken at much higher doses
What is the mechanism of action for nicotinic acid?
Agonist for GPR 109A (and 109B) -> inhibits DGAT -> lowers triglyceride production
T/F: In order to treat dyslipidemia, you would want to inhibit lipolysis and promote beta-oxidation.
True
What are the two general benefits of niacin therapy?
- Increase HDL
2. Decrease triglycerides
How do bile acid sequestrants work?
Prevents bile acid from being recirculated to the liver.
This causes the liver to remove more cholesterol from circulation to make more bile acid
What is the effect of bile acid sequestrants on blood profile?
Reduce LDL (30%) Raise HDL (5%)
May raise TG levels
__________ inhibit HMG CoA reductase thus inhibiting the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.
Statins
T/F: The main goal of statins is to lower LDL.
True
What type of drug is ezetimibe? How does it work?
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor;
Blocks NPC1L1 a protein that helps absorb cholesterol
What are the two actions of cholesterol absorption inhibitors that lead to lower LDL cholesterol and inhibit LDL formation?
- Inhibit absorption of dietary cholesterol
2. Inhibit reabsorption of biliary cholesterol
