Hypo/Hyperglycemia Flashcards
T/F: The brain has ample amounts of glucose stored.
False
Needs sufficient amount in the bloodstream
When fasting, glucose levels should be around _____.
70-100 mg/dL
In the pancreas, alpha cells produce _________ and beta cells produce _________.
Glucagon; insulin
___________ activates a Galpha(s) to activate PKA leading to release of glucose form glycogen.
Glucagon
Released during fasting
T/F: Insulin acts through a GPCR.
False
Tyrosine kinase receptor
What are the three main actions of insulin?
- Decrease blood glucose levels
- Promote fat storage
- Enhance protein anabolism
What is diabetes insipidus?
Large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst
Not diabetes mellitus (elevated blood sugar)
What are the three principle targets of insulin?
Liver, adipose, skeletal muscle
What are the three acute complications of diabetes?
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hypersomolar hyperglycemic state
- Hypoglycemia
T/F: DKA is most often seen in type II diabetics.
False
Poorly controlled type I
What two metabolic states lead to ketoacidosis?
- Glycogen stores are low so liver is doing gluconeogenesis
- Liver is metabolizing fatty acids through beta oxidation
Combination of these two will result in build up of ketone bodies
Why would a diabetic be heavily relying on beta oxidation even if glucose levels are high?
Insulin is not being made (type I) or responded to (type II) so glycogen stores are low and the liver cant utilize glucose
What are some signs and symptoms of DKA?
Excessive thirst, dilute urine, bed wetting, rapid heart rate, heavy breathing, light headed upon standing
T/F: Hypersomolar hyperglycemic state is most common in type II diabetics.
True
____________ is characterized by poor glucose utilization and the liver cranking out glucose. This leads to severe dehydration.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
