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Biochem BLOCK 2 > Lipid Digestion and Absorption > Flashcards

Lipid Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

How many grams of lipids do adults consume?

A
  • about 81g
  • 90% TAG
  • 10%
    • cholesterol
    • cholesterol esters
    • phospholipids
    • free fatty acids
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2
Q

Acid Lipase

A

acid-stable lipases function in the stomach at optimal pH between pH 4 and 6

  • want to break ester bonds
  • lingual lipase
  • gastric lipase
  • target TAG containing short and medium chain FA (milk fat)
  • important in neonates
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3
Q

lingual lipases

A
  • acid lipase
  • secreted rom glands at back of tongue
  • wants to break ester bonds
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4
Q

gastric lipase

A
  • acid lipase
  • secreted from the gastric mucosa
  • wants to break ester bonds
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5
Q

emulsification of lipids

A

-small intestine

two complimentary actions:

  • mechanical agitation
  • bile salts secretion
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6
Q

mechanical agitation in emulsification of lipids

A

-dietary material via peristalsis increases the lipid droplet surface area

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7
Q

Bile salts secretion in emulsification of lipids

A
  • made in liver
  • stored in gallbladder
  • secreted into small intestine
  • detergent properties
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8
Q

detergent properties of bile salts

A

stabilize particles as they become smaller, prevents them from coalescing

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9
Q

components of bile

A

glycine and colic acid

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10
Q

pancreatic enzymes

A

secreted from the pancreas digest dietary TAG, cholesterol esters and phospholipids

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11
Q

digestion

A

the removal of specific FA by breaking ester bonds attaching the FA

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12
Q

What are some pancreatic enzymes?

A
  • pancreatic lipase
  • colipase
  • cholesterol esterase
  • phospholipase A2
  • lysophospholipase
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13
Q

pancreatic enzymes responsible for TAG digestive

A
  • pancreatic lipase

- colipase

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14
Q

pancreatic enzymes responsible for cholesterol ester digestion

A

-cholesterol esterase

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15
Q

pancreatic enzymes responsible for phospholipid digestions

A
  • phospholipase A2

- lysophospholipase

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16
Q

TAG digestions

A

too big for intestinal mucosal cells to endocytose efficiently

17
Q

pancreatic lipase

A
  • pancreatic enzyme
  • digestion of TAG
  • cleaves FA of glycerol backbone
  • produces 2 free FA
  • 1 2-monoacylclycerol
  • 2-3% total protein in pancreatic secretions
  • VERY HIGH catalytic efficiency
18
Q

colipase

A
  • pancreatic enzyme
  • TAG digestion
  • binds pancreatic lipase at a 1:1 ratio
  • promotes pancreatic lipase activity when inhibitory bile salts are present
19
Q

cholesterol esteras

A
  • pancreatic enzyme
  • cholesteryl ester digestion
  • 10-15% (esterified cholesterol)
  • digests esterified cholesterol
20
Q

Phospholipase A2

A
  • pancreatic enzyme
  • phospholipid digestion
  • removes FA to produce lysophospholipid and a free fA
21
Q

lysophospholipase

A
  • pancreatic enzyme

- phospholipid digestion

22
Q

Gut endocrine cells

A 
sense:
-lipids and partially digested proteins
-the low pH of chyme entering the intestines
Secrete:
-CCK
-secretin
23
Q

CCK

A

-hormone secreted in response to presence of lipids and partially digested proteins

promotes:

  • bile salts
  • phospholipids
  • free cholesterol

decreases:

  • gastric motilitly
  • reducing release of gastric contents
24
Q

secretin

A

-hormone secreted in response to the low pH of chyme entering the intestine

promotes:
-bicarbonate, makes alkaline

25
Q

micelles

A
  • disk shaped clusters of amphipathic lipids

- formed from these three products, bile salts, and fat soluble vitamins (K,A,D,E)

26
Q

Enterocytes

A
  • coalese/arrange with hydrophobic groups burried and hydrophillic groups exposed
  • micelles associate with the brush border of enterocytes
27
Q

chylomicron

A

apolipoprotein B-48

  • fat soluble vitamins inside here
  • nonphospholipid bilayer
28
Q

fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (thiokinase)

A

forms acyl-CoA

29
Q

TAG synthase

A

makes TAG via acyltransferase activity

30
Q

acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase

A

-esterifies cholesterol with a FA

31
Q

secretion of lipids from enterocytes

A

enterocytes—lymph system—vascular system

32
Q

lipoprotein lipase

A

associates with the lumen of endothelial cells of capillary beds
-clip out FA from TAG in chylomicron

33
Q

chylomicron digestion

A

liver takes up empty chylomictron and break down components to use for energy

34
Q

lipid malabsorption in gallbladder/liver

A

bile issues, can’t stabilize droplets

35
Q

lipid malabsorption in pancrease

A

enzyme issues (can’t clip lipids off of macromolecules)

36
Q

lipid malabsorption in stomach

A

can’t bring stuff in

37
Q

cystic fibrosis

A
  • disability for producing pancreatic enzyme released into small intestine
  • defect in chloride ion channel
  • hard time getting water into ducts
  • mucus clogs ducts
38
Q

number one reason for lipid malabsorption

A

pancreatic

Biochem BLOCK 2 (14 decks)

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