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Biochem BLOCK 2 > Lipid classification > Flashcards

Lipid classification Flashcards

1
Q

What part of fatty acids is hydrophobic?

A

hydrocarbon chain

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2
Q

what part of fatty acids is hydrophillic?

A

terminal carboxyl group with pKA of 4.8

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3
Q

Long chain fatty acids (LCFA) are predominantly..

A

hydrophobic and must be in association with protein for circulation solubility

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4
Q

at phisiological pH (-COOH)…

A

ionizes to (-COO-)

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5
Q

the longer the chain…

A

the more hydrophobic it becomes

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6
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A
  • NO double bonds

- higher energy

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7
Q

unsaturated fatty acids

A

-carbons have 1 or more double bonds (mono- or polyunsaturates)

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8
Q

double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids

A
  • cis conformation
  • cause kinks
  • spaced at 3 carbon intervals
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9
Q

double bonds and melting temp

A
  • reduces Tm
  • increases fluidity
  • prevents it from packing as tightly, can’t form solid as easily
  • vegetable oil
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10
Q

increasing chain length and melting temp

A
  • increasing chain length increases Tm
  • decreases fluidity
  • lard
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11
Q

membrane phospholipids

A
  • typically have LCFA

- contain double bonds to improve fluidity characteristics

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12
Q

fatty acid structure naming

A
  • carbon 1=carboxy carbon
  • carbon 2-the carbon to which the carboxyl group is attached is called a-carbon
  • carbon 3=b-carbon
  • carbon 4=gamma carbon
  • the terminal methyl group carbon is called the omega carbon independent of chain length
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13
Q

omega 3 or 6?

Arachidonic acid 20:4(5,8,11,14)

A

omega 6

20-number of carbons
4-number of double bonds
numbers in parenthesis-the number of the carbon that each double bond begins at

take number of carbons (20) and subtract the last double bond carbon (14)

20-14=6

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14
Q

a-linolenic acid 18:3(9,12,15)

omega 3 or 6?

A

18-15= omega 3

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15
Q

linoleic acid and a-linolenic acid

A
  • humans cannot synthesize this

- get from plants

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16
Q

linoleic acid

A
  • humans can’t synthesize

- precursor for other shorter omega 6 FA

17
Q

arachidonic acid

A
  • becomes essential IF linoleic acid is deficient in the diet
  • substrate for prostaglandin synthesis
18
Q

a-linolenic acid

A
  • humans cannot synthesize this

- precursor for omega 3 FA: important for growth and development

19
Q

short and medium chain FA

A

4-10 carbons

20
Q

long chain FA

A

16-22 carbons

21
Q

very long chain FA

A

> 22 carbons

  • only present in certain tissues
  • nervous system/brain
22
Q

Where is FA synthesis?

A

cytosol, elongated at the ER, so it needs to be ready in the cytosol

23
Q

2 forms of FA

A
  1. unesterified

2. fatty acyl esters (esterified fatty acids)

24
Q

What are the levels of FA in most tissues?

A

low?

25
Q

where are there high levels of FA?

A

blood serum during fasting

26
Q

albumin

A

transport of long chain FA in blood serum requires association with this

27
Q

point of origin of FA

A
  • TAG in adipose tissue

- from circulating lipoproteins

28
Q

What are the only tissues that would release TAGs in the blood stream?

A

liver and digestive system ONLY

29
Q

Site of consumption of FA

A
  • most tissues

- a lot in adipose tissue and muscle

30
Q

use of FA

A
  • structural components of membrane
  • conjugation to proteins for membrane anchoring properties
  • oxidized to produce energy (esp in liver and muscle)
  • precursors for hormone like prostaglandins
31
Q

Where are fatty acyl esters stored?

A

adipose tissue

32
Q

what are fatty acyl esters precursors for?

A

more complex molecules such as TAGs

33
Q

What serves as the major energy reserve for the body?

A

fatty acyl ester

34
Q

What are most of plasma FA?

A

fatty acid esters contained in lipoprotein particles

  • TAG
  • cholesteryl esters
  • phospholipids

Biochem BLOCK 2 (14 decks)

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