Lipid catabolism

Question 1

Main energy storage form in adipose tissue

Answer 1

Triglycerides

Question 2

Fatty acid structure

Answer 2

Mainly straight chains

Usually even number of C atoms

Question 3

Double bonds usually in which configuration?

Answer 3

cis configuration

Question 4

16:0

Answer 4

Palmitic acid

Question 5

18:0

Answer 5

Stearic acid

Question 6

18:1

Answer 6

Oleic acid

Question 7

alpha carbon

Answer 7

C adjacent to carboxyl group

Question 8

w carbon

Answer 8

Carbon furthest away (from the carboxyl group)

Question 9

Main products of fat digestion?

Answer 9

Glycerol
Fatty acids
Monoglycerides

Question 10

What happens to short and medium length fatty acids?

Answer 10

Enter portal blood

Question 11

What happens to longer chain fatty acids and monoglycerides?

Answer 11

Resynthesised to triglycerides

Question 12

Where does fatty acid oxidation occur?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

• converted into CoA derivatives
• further oxidation then occurs in mitochondrial matrix

Question 13

How are fatty acids transported from cytoplasm into mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 13

The carnitine shuttle

Question 14

Where does beta oxidation take place?

Answer 14

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 15

Products of each fatty acid cycle

Answer 15

1 acetyl-CoA
1 FADH2
1 NADH + H+
1 fatty acyl-CoA, shortened by 2 carbon atoms

Question 16

Why do unsaturated fatty acids yield less FADH2?

Answer 16

They are already partially oxidised

Question 17

What is cool about odd-chain fatty acids?

Answer 17

yields propionyl-CoA in last step (3 carbon atoms)
converted to succinyl-CoA
enters TCA cycle directly

Question 18

Where would you find glycerol kinase?

Answer 18

ONLY IN LIVER AND KIDNEY
-activates glycerol and turns it into glycerol-3-phopshate

(it is then dehydrogenated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate)

Question 19

Where are ketone bodies formed?

Answer 19

In the liver!!!

-important source of energy for heart muscle and renal cortex