lipid 3

Question 1

Lipids classification

Answer 1

1. Simple lipids
2. Compound lipids
3. Derived lipids
4. Lipids complexed to other compounds

Question 2

Lipoprotein

Answer 2

1. Spherical molecular complexes of lipids with protein (apolipoproteins).
2. Transport vehicles for lipids in the circulation.
3. Functions:
   a) keep their components lipid soluble
   b) provide an efficient mechanism for transporting their lipids content to (and
   from the tissues.
   4.human have gradual deposition of lipid (especially cholesterol)in tissues.

Question 3

Four major classes of lipoproteins

Answer 3

Differ in :
* Lipid and protein composition * Size
* Density
*Site of origin

Chylomicrons-(have the lowest density)
VLDL-(Very-low- density lipoprotein)
High density lipoprotein(HDL): High % of protein
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) : high % of Lipids

Question 4

Composition

Answer 4

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Question 4

Composition

Answer 4

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Question 5

Structure of typical lipoprotein

Answer 5

TAGs are mainly transported by: * Chylomicron
* VLDL
Cholesterol mainly transported by : * LDL (Bad cholesterol)
It carries cholesterol from liver to tissues.
* HDL (good cholesterol) It carries cholesteryl ester

Question 6

Apolipoproteins

Answer 6

1. Types:
   o Apo A,
   o Apo B48, Apo B100, o Apo C-I , C-II, C-III
   o Apo E
2. Functions:
   o Provide structure to lipoprotein particles
   o Provide recognition sites for cell-surface receptor
   o Activators or coenzymes for the enzymes involved in lipoprotein
   metabolism

Question 7

Fatty acids

Answer 7

-a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain(non-aromatic), which is either saturated or unsaturated.
-Amphipathic but for LCFA (long chain fatty acids),hydrophobic portion is predominant thus water insoluble.

Question 8

Occurrence of fatty acids

Answer 8

mainly occur in the esterified form as major constituents of various lipids.
* They are also present as free (unesterified) fatty acids.
* Fatty acids of animal origin are much simpler in structure in contrast to those of plant origin (contain epoxy, keto, hydroxy and cyclopentane rings)

Question 9

Transport of Fatty acid

Answer 9

LCFA transported in the circulation in association with protein.
* 90% of fatty acids found in plasma are in the form of fatty acids esters (primarily TAG, cholesteryl ester, phospholipids) contained in circulating lipoproteins.
* FFA transported in circulation in association with albumin.

Question 10

Classes of Fatty Acids

Answer 10

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Question 11

Saturated Fatty Acids

Answer 11

• single bond
• no double bond
• fully reduced with H atoms
• highly flexible due to free rotation around single bonds

Question 12

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 12

-has double bond, mono-unsaturated(1), polyunsaturated(>1)
- >bond= spcaed at 3 C intervals
-double bond is always in cis configuration in human
= bond help maintain lipids in fluid state