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Procore__glossary-student > Linux_Glossary_ > Flashcards

Linux_Glossary_ Flashcards

1
Q

What does the symbol ‘/’ refer to in file management?

A

It refers to the root of the file system and separates directories in a path listing.

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2
Q

What does the symbol ‘~’ refer to in file management?

A

It refers to a user’s home directory.

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3
Q

What does the symbol ‘#’ indicate in the command prompt?

A

It usually indicates the user is currently logged in as root.

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4
Q

What does the symbol ‘$’ indicate in the command prompt?

A

It usually indicates the user is currently logged in as an ordinary user.

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5
Q

What is an administrator in Linux?

A

Another word for either the root user or one who has adopted that user’s powers temporarily.

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6
Q

What is an applet in the context of Linux?

A

A small program that runs as part of a larger program and offers functions that complement the main program.

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7
Q

What does APT stand for and what is its purpose?

A

Advanced Packaging Tool. It is used for managing and installing software on Ubuntu and Debian Linux systems.

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8
Q

What is closed source software?

A

Software in which the source code is not available for others to see, share, or modify. Also known as proprietary.

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9
Q

What is a command in the context of Linux?

A

Input typed at the shell that performs a specific task, usually related to system administration or file manipulation.

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10
Q

What is the Linux community?

A

The general term for the millions of Linux users worldwide, regardless of their individual backgrounds.

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11
Q

What is copyleft?

A

The legal principle of protecting the right to share a creative work using a legally binding license, ensuring future iterations are similarly protected.

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12
Q

What is CUPS?

A

Common Unix Printing System. A set of programs that handle printing under Unix and Linux.

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13
Q

What is Debian?

A

A voluntary organization that produces distributions of Free Software operating systems, including Linux, known for its ethical approach and reliability.

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14
Q

What is a dependency in the context of Linux?

A

System files that a program requires in order to run. If not present, a program might refuse to install.

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15
Q

What is a directory in Linux?

A

Another word for what is commonly referred to as a folder.

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16
Q

What is a Linux distribution?

A

A collection of software making up the Linux operating system, designed to be easy to install, administer, and use.

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17
Q

What does ‘distro’ refer to in Linux?

A

Shorthand for distribution.

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18
Q

What is Firefox in the context of Linux?

A

A web browser program used under Ubuntu, produced by the Mozilla Foundation.

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19
Q

What does FLOSS stand for?

A

Free, Libre, and Open Source Software. It describes all software or technology adhering to open source and free software ethical guidelines.

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20
Q

What does FOSS stand for?

A

Free and Open Source Software. An alternative term for FLOSS.

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21
Q

What does ‘free’ indicate when describing software?

A

It indicates that the project abides by the ethical guidelines laid down by The GNU Project, not necessarily that the software is free in a monetary sense.

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22
Q

What is Free Software?

A

Software in which the source code is available for all to see, share, study, and adapt, with modifications guaranteed by the GNU General Public License.

23
Q

What is Freeware?

A

Software that is distributed at no cost to the end user, typically without providing the source code.

24
Q

What is GIMP?

A

GNU Image Manipulation Program. A high-powered image-editing program that runs on multiple operating systems.

25
Q

What is GNOME?

A

GNU Network Object Model Environment. A GUI-based desktop environment used by Ubuntu and other distributions.

26
Q

What does GNU stand for?

A

GNU’s Not Unix.

27
Q

What is GNU/Linux?

A

Another name for the Linux operating system, emphasizing the GNU software included in the distribution.

28
Q

What is the GNU Project?

A

An organization created by Richard Stallman to further the aims of Free Software and create the GNU operating system.

29
Q

What is the GNU General Public License?

A

A software license created by Richard Stallman to protect software source code against proprietary interests, ensuring it remains shareable.

30
Q

What is a GUI?

A

Graphical User Interface. Software that provides a graphical system for displaying data and controlling the computer.

31
Q

What is KDE?

A

K Desktop Environment. A GUI and set of programs used on various Linux distributions.

32
Q

What is the kernel in Linux?

A

The essential set of programs that run the computer’s hardware and provide a platform for running software.

33
Q

What does it mean to mount in Linux?

A

To add a file system so it is integrated and accessible within the main file system.

34
Q

What is the Mozilla Foundation?

A

An organization founded by Netscape to create open-source Internet software, including web browsers and e-mail clients.

35
Q

What is open source?

A

A method of developing software where the source code is available for all to see, often implying it can be shared and used by others.

36
Q

What is a partition in Linux?

A

A subdivision of a hard disk into which a file system can be installed.

37
Q

What does proprietary software mean?

A

Software for which a license must be acquired, usually for a fee, often with restricted access to the source code.

38
Q

What is Red Hat?

A

A company that produces Linux distributions, acquired by IBM in 2019, now functioning as its independent subsidiary.

39
Q

What is root in Linux?

A

The bottom of the file system directory structure, or the user with control over all aspects of hardware, software, and the file system.

40
Q

What is RPM?

A

Red Hat Package Manager, used to install and administer programs under Red Hat, SUSE Linux, and other distributions.

41
Q

What does RTFM stand for?

A

Read the freaking manual/man page, an exclamation used when someone asks for help without basic research.

42
Q

What is a server in Linux?

A

A computer or software designed to share data with other computers or programs over a network.

43
Q

What is a shell in Linux?

A

A program that creates an operating environment where users can control the system using commands entered at the keyboard.

44
Q

What is source code?

A

The original program listing created by a programmer, which can be compiled into binary executables.

45
Q

What is sudo?

A

A program that temporarily affords ordinary users administrator rights, used exclusively for system administration in Ubuntu.

46
Q

What is swap in Linux?

A

An area of the hard disk used as temporary memory storage, usually requiring a separate partition.

47
Q

Who is Linus Torvalds?

A

The Finnish programmer who created the initial versions of the Linux kernel in 1991 and oversees its development.

48
Q

Who or what is Tux?

A

The penguin character that is the Linux mascot, originally drawn by Larry Ewing.

49
Q

What is Ubuntu?

A

A Linux distribution designed primarily for desktop use, known for its strong language support and backed by the Ubuntu Foundation.

50
Q

What is the Ubuntu Foundation?

A

An organization set up by Mark Shuttleworth and Canonical Ltd. to support the Ubuntu distribution of Linux.

51
Q

What is Unix?

A

A seminal operating system created in 1969, which has since diversified into various versions, including open-source and proprietary renditions.

52
Q

What is a user in Linux?

A

Anyone who accesses the operating system’s resources, typically with a user account providing private space on the system.

53
Q

What is WINE?

A

Wine Is Not an Emulator. Software that allows Windows programs to run on Linux by recreating the Windows API layer.

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