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LINUX > Linux CH2 > Flashcards

Linux CH2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE)

A

A standard that allows computers to boot from installation media hosted on a network server. (PXE), commonly referred to as ‘pixie’, is a means to boot from a Network Interface Card (NIC) to the network. Once booted, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server gives an IP Address to it.

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2
Q

Nearly all Linux distributions provide a website from which you can download DVD images, called:

A

(ISO images) that have an .iso file extension

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3
Q

virtualization software (also called a hypervisor) is commonly used to:

A

run multiple operating systems (called virtual machines) concurrently on server hardware. You can also use virtualization software to run multiple operating systems concurrently on a workstation.

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4
Q

What are some examples of workstation-focused virtualization software products

A

Microsoft Hyper-V, Oracle VM VirtualBox, Universal Turing Machine (UTM), Parallels Desktop, VMWare Workstation Pro.

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5
Q

How can access your BIOS configuration?

A

by pressing the appropriate manufacturer-specific key, such as F10, during system startup.

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6
Q

what is (LUKS)?

A

Linux Unified Key Setup: is a disk encryption specification. LUKS is the standard for Linux hard disk encryption.

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7
Q

Hard disk drive or SSD is divided into sections called:

A

partitions. (A physical division of a hard disk drive or SSD.)
.

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8
Q

What is a filesystem.

A

A structure that specifies how data should physically reside in the partition on the hard disk drive or SSD. (The organization imposed on a physical storage device that is used to manage the storage and retrieval of data by block.)

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9
Q

What is a primary partition

A

A primary partition is a partition on which you can install an operating system. A primary partition with an operating system installed on it is used when the computer starts to load the OS. On hard disk drives and SSDs that store partition configuration in a Master Boot Record (MBR), you can create a maximum of four major partitions

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10
Q

What are logical drives?

A

A smaller partition contained within an extended partition on an MBR-based hard disk drive or SSD. (You can optionally label a primary partition as “extended”; this extended partition can then contain an unlimited number of smaller partitions called logical drives.)

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11
Q

What are namespace divisions?

A

A major section of an NVMe SSD that can be partitioned.

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12
Q

What is the highest (top-most) directory in the filesystem hierarchy?

A

The /root directory: /root

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13
Q

what is journaling?

A

Journaling in Linux is a file system feature that uses a log to track changes to a file system, which improves the system’s reliability and crash recovery.

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14
Q

What is zswap?

A

A Linux kernel feature that creates virtual memory in a compressed area of RAM.

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15
Q

What command is used to set a valid password for the root user following installation?

A

the ‘sudo password root’ command

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16
Q

What is the channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface?

A

terminal

17
Q

After you log in to a terminal, you receive a user interface called a:

A

shell (A user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing.)

18
Q

The shell that is used by default on most Linux systems is the:

A

BASH shell. (short for Bourne Again Shell)

19
Q

What does (GDM) stand for?

A

The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) is a program in Linux that manages graphical logins and X servers for local and remote users. (Logins: GDM is responsible for logging users into the system and starting their sessions.)

20
Q

When using a command-line terminal, the _____ ultimately interprets all information you enter into the command line.

A

shell

21
Q

What are specific letters that start with a dash (-) and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works?

A

Options. (A part of a command that alters the way the command works. Options are represented by one or more letters that starts with a dash (-) or a word that starts with two dashes.)

22
Q

What are POSIX options?

A

Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). Are options start with two dashes (–). these options are usually composed of a whole word, not just a letter.

23
Q

What are Arguments?

A

The text that appears after a command name, does not start with a dash (-), and specifies information that the command requires to work properly.

24
Q

What does the Ls command do?

A

The ls command in Linux lists files and directories in a specified directory.

25
Q

What does the su command do?

A

su (switch user). Even if you are logged in to the system as a regular user account, you can easily switch to the root user to perform any administrative tasks using the su (switch user) command. (If you do not specify the user name when using the su command, the root user is assumed.) # su – user1

26
Q

What are shell metacharacters?

A

A character that has special meaning in a shell. Shell metacharacters are special characters that have different meanings in Linux shells and are used to modify how input and output are processed.

27
Q

What is one of the most commonly used metacharacters? What does it mean?

A

the $ character, which tells the shell that the following text refers to a variable. (A variable is a piece of information that is stored in memory)

28
Q

what is a variable?

A

(A variable is a piece of information that is stored in memory). A variable in Linux is a named container that stores a piece of data, like text or a number, which can be accessed and used within a shell script or command line, allowing for dynamic manipulation of information within a Linux system.

29
Q

What does the man command followed by a command name do?

A

displays extensive page-by-page information about that Linux command on the terminal screen.

30
Q

What does the the whoami command do?

A

reveals the current username associated with the active user session

31
Q

What does the the whatis command do?

A

(A faster “man”) Get brief info about Linux commands or functions. (If you want to only view a short description of a command (for example, to see what the command does), you can use the whatis command.)

32
Q

There are two types of links in Linux: hard links and symbolic links. What is the difference?

A

Hard links
These links can only be used to link files, not directories. They will remain usable even if the original file is removed. Hard links refer to the data itself.

Symbolic links
These links can be used to link to directories, or to reference a file or folder on a different disk or volume. If the original location is deleted, symbolic links will exist as a broken link. Symbolic links are similar to shortcuts and point to the path to the data.

33
Q

How do you prepare the operating system for shutdown before turning off the power to the hardware components of the computer?

A

issue the shutdown command, which can power off or reboot (restart) your computer after a certain period of time. To power off your system in 15 minutes, for example, you could type:

# shutdown –P +15

34
Q

What is a BIOS Boot Partition?

A

A small partition that is created by the Linux installation program to store information needed to boot the Linux operating system from a GPT hard disk drive on a computer that does not have a UEFI BIOS.

35
Q
A
36
Q

What can be used for virtual memory on a linux system?

A

zswap and swap partition

Zswap: A kernel feature that compresses pages that are being swapped out and stores them in a RAM-based memory pool. This can improve performance and reduce the impact of swapping on systems with limited RAM.

Swap partition: A dedicated section of a hard drive that provides virtual memory space for the operating system to use when physical memory is full. This can help improve system stability and responsiveness.

37
Q

What is the symbol for the BASH Shell prompt of the root user?

A

#

38
Q

What does Ctrl+Alt+F# key combination do?

A

Use Ctrl+Alt+F# to switch to another terminal.

ex: Ctrl+Alt+F5 (terminal Number)

39
Q
A

LINUX (4 decks)

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