LINUX CH 1

Question 1

What are production kernels vs Development kernels

Answer 1

Production kernels have been thoroughly tested by several Linux developers and are declared stable. Development kernels are not fully tested and imply instability; they are tested for vulnerabilities by people who develop Linux software.

Question 2

What famous hacker formed the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to encourage free software development? (Also founded the GNU Project in 1984)

Answer 2

Richard Stallman

Question 3

What did the GNU Public License (GPL) accomplish

Answer 3

GPL legalized the free distribution of source code and encouraged collaborative development.

Question 4

Who first developed Linux in 1991?

Answer 4

A Finnish student named Linus Torvalds

Question 5

What are Linux distributions? (distros)

Answer 5

A distribution (distro) of Linux is a collection or bundle of software containing the commonly developed Linux operating system kernel and libraries, combined with add-on software specific to a certain use. Well-known distributions of Linux include Red Hat, openSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Linux Mint, Kali, and Arch.

Question 6

What are OSS developers?

Answer 6

OSS developers are people who develop open-source software (OSS) projects that are not commercial in nature.

Question 7

What are the two main competing desktop environments available in Linux

Answer 7

the GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME) and the K Desktop Environment (KDE). These two desktop environments are comparable in functionality, although users might have a personal preference for one over the other. GNOME closely resembles the macOS desktop, while KDE closely resembles the Windows desktop.

Question 8

What is a package manager?

Answer 8

A package manager is a software system that installs and maintains software. It keeps track of installed software, requires a standard format and documentation, and can manage and remove software from a system

Question 9

what is one of the most widely supported package managers?

Answer 9

Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)

Most Linux software is available in RPM format, and the RPM is standard on many Linux distributions that were originally derived from the Red Hat Linux distribution.

Question 10

What are sandbox-based packaged managers

Answer 10

A desktop application sandboxing tool that runs applications in a sandbox, which is an isolated environment that protects the host from unexpected software behavior.

Question 11

What is the difference between package manager format and tarball format?

Answer 11

The main difference between package manager format and tarball format is that package manager format is used to manage software, while tarball format is used to archive and distribute files:

Question 12

What is a bare metal installation

Answer 12

Bare metal Linux just means that Linux is running directly on the device’s hardware. This install method requires you to create a bootable USB drive by downloading an iso install file from the site hosting your chosen Linux distribution.

Question 13

What is a Linux container?

Answer 13

Linux containers, in short, contain applications in a way that keep them isolated from the host system that they run on. Containers are like virtual machines but lack an operating system kernel. Consequently, containers must use the kernel on an underlying operating system that has container runtime software installed.

Question 14

On Linux systems, services are often called:

Answer 14

Daemons. A daemon is a computer program that runs in the background of a Linux operating system, performing tasks without user input

Question 15

What algorithms are reversible (data can be decrypted by reversing the algorithm using the same key that was used to encrypt it?)

Answer 15

Symmetric encryption

Question 16

What encryption uses a pair of keys that are uniquely generated on each system: a public key and a private key.

Answer 16

Asymmetric encryption

Question 17

A message that has been encrypted using a private key is called a:

Answer 17

digital signature. (DSA)

Question 18

The ability for a computer to increase workload as the number of processors increases is known as

Answer 18

scalability

Question 19

the most common method of Linux clustering is known as:

Answer 19

Beowulf clustering

Question 20

Any organization that hosts cloud servers is called a

Answer 20

cloud provider

Question 21

What is a code repository server?

Answer 21

a storage location for code and other software development assets, such as documentation, tests, and scripts.

Question 22

The core component of the Linux operating system is called the

Answer 22

Kernel

Question 23

Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three components:

Answer 23

Major number: a unique identifier assigned to a device driver in the Linux kernel.The major number is also known as the “device number” or “device major”

Minor number: A minor number is a smaller identifier that is used in conjunction with the major number to uniquely identify a specific device within a class of devices.– indicates the minor revision and stability of the Linux kernel
odd = developmental kernel
even = production kernel

Revision number: typically refers to a version number within the kernel itself. (patch level)

Question 24

What kind of kernel should you choose for a mission-critical computer (such as a server.)

Answer 24

a production kernel.

(production kernels; they have been thoroughly tested by several Linux developers and are declared stable.)

Question 25

Two different types of programs are executed on a computer:

Answer 25

Applications (apps) and Operating system (OS) software

Question 26

What does an odd-numbered Kernal version indicate:

Answer 26

a developmental kernel

Question 27

What does an even-numbered Kernal version indicate:

Answer 27

a production kernel

Question 28

What are the 2 types of Types of Open Source Licenses:

Answer 28

GNU Public License (GPL): Developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) Stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available

Artistic license: OSS license allowing source code to be distributed freely, changed only at the discretion of original author. Original author has the right to reject changes

Question 29

What are 2 types of Closed Source Licenses?

Answer 29

Freeware: distributed free of charge; source code is not available

Shareware: initially free, but requires payment after a period of time or for use of certain features

Question 30

What is the difference between a hacker and a cracker?

Answer 30

Hacker: a person who attempts to expand knowledge of computing through experimentation

Cracker: someone who illegally uses computers for personal benefit or to cause damage

Question 31

What is a tarball?

Answer 31

A tarball is a compressed archive file in Linux that contains multiple files and directories. The term “tar” is short for “tape archive”. Tarballs are commonly used in Unix-based systems for backing up and distributing files.