LINUX CH 1 Flashcards
What are production kernels vs Development kernels
Production kernels have been thoroughly tested by several Linux developers and are declared stable. Development kernels are not fully tested and imply instability; they are tested for vulnerabilities by people who develop Linux software.
What famous hacker formed the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to encourage free software development? (Also founded the GNU Project in 1984)
Richard Stallman
What did the GNU Public License (GPL) accomplish
GPL legalized the free distribution of source code and encouraged collaborative development.
Who first developed Linux in 1991?
A Finnish student named Linus Torvalds
What are Linux distributions? (distros)
A distribution (distro) of Linux is a collection or bundle of software containing the commonly developed Linux operating system kernel and libraries, combined with add-on software specific to a certain use. Well-known distributions of Linux include Red Hat, openSUSE, Debian, Ubuntu, Gentoo, Linux Mint, Kali, and Arch.
What are OSS developers?
OSS developers are people who develop open-source software (OSS) projects that are not commercial in nature.
What are the two main competing desktop environments available in Linux
the GNU Network Object Model Environment (GNOME) and the K Desktop Environment (KDE). These two desktop environments are comparable in functionality, although users might have a personal preference for one over the other. GNOME closely resembles the macOS desktop, while KDE closely resembles the Windows desktop.
What is a package manager?
A package manager is a software system that installs and maintains software. It keeps track of installed software, requires a standard format and documentation, and can manage and remove software from a system
what is one of the most widely supported package managers?
Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)
Most Linux software is available in RPM format, and the RPM is standard on many Linux distributions that were originally derived from the Red Hat Linux distribution.
What are sandbox-based packaged managers
A desktop application sandboxing tool that runs applications in a sandbox, which is an isolated environment that protects the host from unexpected software behavior.
What is the difference between package manager format and tarball format?
The main difference between package manager format and tarball format is that package manager format is used to manage software, while tarball format is used to archive and distribute files:
What is a bare metal installation
Bare metal Linux just means that Linux is running directly on the device’s hardware. This install method requires you to create a bootable USB drive by downloading an iso install file from the site hosting your chosen Linux distribution.
What is a Linux container?
Linux containers, in short, contain applications in a way that keep them isolated from the host system that they run on. Containers are like virtual machines but lack an operating system kernel. Consequently, containers must use the kernel on an underlying operating system that has container runtime software installed.
On Linux systems, services are often called:
Daemons. A daemon is a computer program that runs in the background of a Linux operating system, performing tasks without user input
What algorithms are reversible (data can be decrypted by reversing the algorithm using the same key that was used to encrypt it?)
Symmetric encryption
What encryption uses a pair of keys that are uniquely generated on each system: a public key and a private key.
Asymmetric encryption
A message that has been encrypted using a private key is called a:
digital signature. (DSA)
The ability for a computer to increase workload as the number of processors increases is known as
scalability
the most common method of Linux clustering is known as:
Beowulf clustering
Any organization that hosts cloud servers is called a
cloud provider
What is a code repository server?
a storage location for code and other software development assets, such as documentation, tests, and scripts.
The core component of the Linux operating system is called the
Kernel
Linux kernel versions are made up of the following three components:
Major number: a unique identifier assigned to a device driver in the Linux kernel.The major number is also known as the “device number” or “device major”
Minor number: A minor number is a smaller identifier that is used in conjunction with the major number to uniquely identify a specific device within a class of devices.– indicates the minor revision and stability of the Linux kernel
odd = developmental kernel
even = production kernel
Revision number: typically refers to a version number within the kernel itself. (patch level)
What kind of kernel should you choose for a mission-critical computer (such as a server.)
a production kernel.
(production kernels; they have been thoroughly tested by several Linux developers and are declared stable.)
Two different types of programs are executed on a computer:
Applications (apps) and Operating system (OS) software
What does an odd-numbered Kernal version indicate:
a developmental kernel
What does an even-numbered Kernal version indicate:
a production kernel
What are the 2 types of Types of Open Source Licenses:
GNU Public License (GPL): Developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) Stipulates that the source code of any software published under its license must be freely available
Artistic license: OSS license allowing source code to be distributed freely, changed only at the discretion of original author. Original author has the right to reject changes
What are 2 types of Closed Source Licenses?
Freeware: distributed free of charge; source code is not available
Shareware: initially free, but requires payment after a period of time or for use of certain features
What is the difference between a hacker and a cracker?
Hacker: a person who attempts to expand knowledge of computing through experimentation
Cracker: someone who illegally uses computers for personal benefit or to cause damage
What is a tarball?
A tarball is a compressed archive file in Linux that contains multiple files and directories. The term “tar” is short for “tape archive”. Tarballs are commonly used in Unix-based systems for backing up and distributing files.
